我有一个运行在DigitalOcean VPS上的tomcat服务器。 server.xml文件如下所示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
我编辑了<Connector>部分，以使服务器在端口80而不是8080上运行。在进行更改之前，我可以使用IP:8080地址访问服务器，但是现在我根本无法访问它-无论使用IP:8080还是IP:80或IP。
我使用shutdown.sh和startup.sh重新启动了tomcat，并使用sudo reboot重新启动了我的小滴，但是它什么也没改变。
我使用sudo ufw status verbose检查了防火墙，它的状态为inactive。
编辑：
我再次尝试了shutdown.sh-> startup.sh-> sudo reboot路线，这是自catalina.out命令以来的shutdown.sh：
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.377 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.await A valid shutdown command was received via the shutdown port. Stopping the Server instance.
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.378 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.pause Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.380 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.pause Pausing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.442 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stopInternal Stopping service [Catalina]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.494 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.stop Stopping ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.495 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.stop Stopping ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.498 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:10.498 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.destroy Destroying ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.691 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.12
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.697 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Sep 4 2018 22:13:41 UTC
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.698 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number: 9.0.12.0
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.698 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.698 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 4.4.0-138-generic
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.698 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.698 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.706 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b13
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.706 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.706 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.706 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.707 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.707 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.707 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.708 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.708 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.708 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.708 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.709 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.709 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/temp
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.709 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/jni:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/jni:/lib:/usr/lib]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.857 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.887 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.900 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.907 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.908 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 896 ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.958 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.962 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/9.0.12
28-Oct-2018 11:40:14.980 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/docs]
java.util.logging.ErrorManager: 4
java.io.FileNotFoundException: /opt/tomcat/logs/manager.2018-10-28.log (Permission denied)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.openWriter(FileHandler.java:495)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:168)
at org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.<init>(AsyncFileHandler.java:82)
at org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.<init>(AsyncFileHandler.java:74)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLogManager.java:602)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLogManager.java:538)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLogManager.java:336)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$3.run(LogManager.java:399)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$3.run(LogManager.java:396)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.readPrimordialConfiguration(LogManager.java:396)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.access$800(LogManager.java:145)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$2.run(LogManager.java:345)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.ensureLogManagerInitialized(LogManager.java:338)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.getLogManager(LogManager.java:378)
at java.util.logging.Logger.demandLogger(Logger.java:448)
at java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:502)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.<init>(DirectJDKLog.java:61)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.getInstance(DirectJDKLog.java:181)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:116)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:139)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:194)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.<clinit>(Bootstrap.java:52)
java.util.logging.ErrorManager: 4
java.io.FileNotFoundException: /opt/tomcat/logs/host-manager.2018-10-28.log (Permission denied)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.openWriter(FileHandler.java:495)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:168)
at org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.<init>(AsyncFileHandler.java:82)
at org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.<init>(AsyncFileHandler.java:74)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLogManager.java:602)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLogManager.java:538)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLogManager.java:336)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$3.run(LogManager.java:399)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$3.run(LogManager.java:396)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.readPrimordialConfiguration(LogManager.java:396)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.access$800(LogManager.java:145)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$2.run(LogManager.java:345)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.ensureLogManagerInitialized(LogManager.java:338)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.getLogManager(LogManager.java:378)
at java.util.logging.Logger.demandLogger(Logger.java:448)
at java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:502)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.<init>(DirectJDKLog.java:61)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.getInstance(DirectJDKLog.java:181)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:116)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:139)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:194)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.<clinit>(Bootstrap.java:52)
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.547 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.12
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.552 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Sep 4 2018 22:13:41 UTC
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.552 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number: 9.0.12.0
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.552 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.552 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 4.4.0-138-generic
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.553 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.553 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.553 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b13
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.553 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.553 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.553 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.553 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.559 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.559 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.awt.headless=true
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.559 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.560 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.560 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.560 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.561 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Xms512M
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.561 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Xmx600M
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.561 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -XX:+UseParallelGC
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.561 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.562 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.562 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.563 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/temp
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.563 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/jni:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/jni:/lib:/usr/lib]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.727 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-80"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.751 SEVERE [main] org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException Failed to initialize component [Connector[HTTP/1.1-80]]
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Protocol handler initialization failed
at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:935)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initInternal(StandardService.java:533)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initInternal(StandardServer.java:852)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:633)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:656)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:306)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:491)
Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Permission denied
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:433)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:425)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:223)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:74)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.initServerSocket(NioEndpoint.java:236)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.bind(NioEndpoint.java:210)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.init(AbstractEndpoint.java:1044)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init(AbstractProtocol.java:540)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Protocol.init(AbstractHttp11Protocol.java:74)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initInternal(Connector.java:932)
... 13 more
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.753 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.765 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.788 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 1791 ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.843 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.844 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/9.0.12
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.852 SEVERE [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.beforeStart Unable to create directory for deployment: [/opt/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.858 SEVERE [main] org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.open Failed to open access log file [/opt/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.2018-10-28.txt]
java.io.FileNotFoundException: /opt/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.2018-10-28.txt (Permission denied)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:270)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:213)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.open(AccessLogValve.java:651)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.startInternal(AccessLogValve.java:685)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.startInternal(StandardPipeline.java:179)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:965)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:839)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1429)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1419)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:134)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:944)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:261)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:422)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:770)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:682)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:350)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:492)
28-Oct-2018 11:40:31.863 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/docs]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.472 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/docs] has finished in [608] ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.472 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/host-manager]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.543 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [70] ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.544 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/manager]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.590 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/manager] has finished in [46] ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.595 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/Test]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.644 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/Test] has finished in [50] ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.645 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/RedditDesk]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.681 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/RedditDesk] has finished in [36] ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.681 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/ROOT]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.723 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/ROOT] has finished in [42] ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:32.724 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/examples]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:33.158 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/opt/tomcat/webapps/examples] has finished in [434] ms
28-Oct-2018 11:40:33.165 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
28-Oct-2018 11:40:33.196 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 1408 ms
答案 0 :(得分：0)
端口号1至1023保留供系统使用，可能是因为您无法将端口号更改为80。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
在@ernest_k的帮助下，我设法找到了问题。问题在于端口从未真正从8080更改为80。发生这种情况是因为尽管我以root用户身份连接到VPS，但由于tomcat文件的存在，tomcat自动切换到非root用户/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service：
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64/jre
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom'
ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
所以我将User=tomcat更改为User=root，重新启动了一切，现在一切正常！