Django Rest Framework-在POST

时间:2018-10-28 01:40:51

标签: python django django-rest-framework foreign-keys

我有一个简单的DRF REST API,可用于创建博客文章。我希望能够向这些博客文章添加标签,以便用户可以搜索标签并查看相关文章。但是,标签可能还不存在。我已经创建了一个Article模型,其中一个ForeignKey字段是这样的Tag模型:

class Tag(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def _str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('name',)

class Article(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.TextField()
    date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    tags = models.ForeignKey(Tag, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, default=None)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('date', 'id')

理想情况下,我想要的是能够使用一组标签发布新的Article,并且如果不存在任何标签,请在数据库中创建它们。但是,就目前而言,标记必须已经存在才能添加到Article中。在视觉上,DRF将其显示为一个下拉列表,其中填充了预先存在的标签:

DRF Interface

如何从我的Tag API端点添加或创建多个Article

编辑:根据要求,我添加了views.py

views.py:

from api.blog.serializers import ArticleSerializer, TagSerializer
from rest_framework import viewsets

# /api/blog/articles
class ArticleView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer

# /api/blog/tags
class TagView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Tag.objects.all()
    serializer_class = TagSerializer

为完整起见,这是我的REST API的serializers.py中的序列化器。

serializers.py:

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = '__all__'


class TagSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = Tag
        fields = '__all__'

urls.py:

from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('articles', views.ArticleView)
router.register('tags', views.TagView)

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
]

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

将序列化程序的 create() 方法覆盖为

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    tags = serializers.CharField()

    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = '__all__'

    def create(self, validated_data):
        tag = validated_data.pop('tags')
        tag_instance, created = Tag.objects.get_or_create(name=tag)
        article_instance = Article.objects.create(**validated_data, tags=tag_instance)
        return article_instance

答案 1 :(得分:0)

好的,感谢@JPG的帮助。这就是我最终得到的。它允许用户在CharField端点上的/api/blog/article中添加以空格分隔的标签。执行POST请求时,标记将在空格上进行分割,get_or_create() d(为此,我需要将Tag.name用作主键),然后使用以下命令将其添加到Articlearticle.tags.set(tag_list)。正如@JPG和@Martins所建议的,ManyToManyField()是执行此操作的最佳方法。

这是我的完整代码:

serializers.py:

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class TagsField(serializers.CharField):

        def to_representation(self, tags):
            tags = tags.all()
            return "".join([(tag.name + " ") for tag in tags]).rstrip(' ')


    tags = TagsField()

    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = '__all__'

    def create(self, validated_data):

        tags = validated_data.pop('tags') # Removes the 'tags' entry
        tag_list = []
        for tag in tags.split(' '):
            tag_instance, created = Tag.objects.get_or_create(name=tag)
            tag_list += [tag_instance]

        article = Article.objects.create(**validated_data)
        print(tag_list)
        article.tags.set(tag_list)
        article.save()
        return article


class TagSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = Tag
        fields = '__all__'

请注意,我必须创建一个自定义TagField()并覆盖to_representation()。这是因为如果我使用常规的serializer.CharField()标签,则显示为:“ Blog.tag.None”而不是标签值,如下所示:

Blog.tag.None

models.py:

class Tag(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, primary_key=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('name',)

class Article(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.TextField()
    date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('date', 'id')