我有一组不同的消息,它们以JSON形式出现,并且可以基于单个字段进行区分,但是每个变体都有不同的辅助字段集合:
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageOne {
///op will always be "one"
op: String,
x: f64,
y: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageTwo {
///op will always be "two"
op: String,
a: f64,
b: i64,
}
不同的消息类型被路由到不同的处理功能(例如process_message_one
,process_message_two
等)。是否有一种优雅或惯用的方式来自动选择正确的消息子类型?目前,我已经定义了一条通用消息:
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageGeneric {
op: String,
}
然后将传入的JSON解析到MessageGeneric
中,读取op
字段,然后再次反序列化,在op
上进行匹配以选择正确的消息类型。完整示例:
#![allow(unused)]
extern crate serde; // 1.0.78
extern crate serde_json; // 1.0.27
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
use std::collections::HashMap;
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageGeneric {
op: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageOne {
///op will always be "one"
op: String,
x: f64,
y: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageTwo {
///op will always be "two"
op: String,
a: f64,
b: f64,
}
fn process_message_one(m: &MessageOne) {
println!("Processing a MessageOne: {:?}", m);
}
fn process_message_two(m: &MessageTwo) {
println!("Processing a MessageTwo: {:?}", m);
}
fn main() {
let data = r#"{
"op": "one",
"x": 1.0,
"y": 2.0
}"#;
let z: MessageGeneric = serde_json::from_str(data).unwrap();
match z.op.as_ref() {
"one" => {
let zp: MessageOne = serde_json::from_str(data).unwrap();
process_message_one(&zp);
},
"two" => {
let zp: MessageTwo = serde_json::from_str(data).unwrap();
process_message_two(&zp);
},
_ => println!("Unknown Message Type")
}
}
我见过Serde's enum representations,但我不清楚在这种情况下是否/如何应用。传入的消息是由外部API定义的,因此,除了知道变体是什么之外,我无法控制它们的内容。
答案 0 :(得分:7)
在结构MessageOne
和MessageTwo
中保留“一个”或“两个”是没有意义的:如果已构造此结构,则您已经知道它是消息一还是消息二。 / p>
extern crate serde; // 1.0.78
extern crate serde_json; // 1.0.27
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
#[serde(tag = "op")]
enum Message {
#[serde(rename = "one")]
One { x: f64, y: f64 },
#[serde(rename = "two")]
Two { a: f64, b: f64 },
}
fn process_message(message: &Message) {
println!("Processing a : {:?}", message);
}
use serde_json::Error;
fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let data = r#"{
"op": "one",
"x": 1.0,
"y": 2.0
}"#;
let message: Message = serde_json::from_str(data)?;
process_message(&message);
let data = r#"{
"op": "two",
"a": 1.0,
"b": 2.0
}"#;
let message: Message = serde_json::from_str(data)?;
process_message(&message);
let data = r#"{
"op": "42",
"i": 1.0,
"j": 2.0
}"#;
let message: Message = serde_json::from_str(data)?;
process_message(&message);
Ok(())
}
Standard Output
Processing a : One { x: 1.0, y: 2.0 }
Processing a : Two { a: 1.0, b: 2.0 }
Standard Error
Error: Error("unknown variant `42`, expected `one` or `two`", line: 2, column: 18)