Question

如何将CSV转换为固定宽度的文件格式。

import csv
with open('C:\\Users\\thara.savio\\Downloads\\Sacramentorealestatetransactions.csv', newline='') as csvfile:
    spamreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',')
    for row in spamreader:
        print('     '.join(row))

已将其转换为带有制表符作为定界符的文本文件，格式不固定。

下面是我得到的结果。

3526 HIGH ST     SACRAMENTO     95838     CA     2     1     836     Residential     Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008     59222     38.631913     -121.434879
51 OMAHA CT     SACRAMENTO     95823     CA     3     1     1167     Residential     Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008     68212     38.478902     -121.431028
2796 BRANCH ST     SACRAMENTO     95815     CA     2     1     796     Residential     Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008     68880     38.618305     -121.443839
2805 JANETTE WAY     SACRAMENTO     95815     CA     2     1     852     Residential     Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008     69307     38.616835     -121.439146
6001 MCMAHON DR     SACRAMENTO     95824     CA     2     1     797     Residential     Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008     81900     38.51947     -121.435768
5828 PEPPERMILL CT     SACRAMENTO     95841     CA     3     1     1122

Answer 1

您可以预处理数据以获取每列的最大宽度并使用string format mini language写入文件：

data = """3526 HIGH ST, SACRAMENTO, 95838, CA, 2, 1, 836, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 59222, 38.631913, -121.434879
51 OMAHA CT, SACRAMENTO, 95823, CA, 3, 1, 1167, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 68212, 38.478902, -121.431028
2796 BRANCH ST, SACRAMENTO, 95815, CA, 2, 1, 796, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 68880, 38.618305, -121.443839
2805 JANETTE WAY, SACRAMENTO, 95815, CA, 2, 1, 852, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 69307, 38.616835, -121.439146
6001 MCMAHON DR, SACRAMENTO, 95824, CA, 2, 1, 797, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 81900, 38.51947, -121.435768"""

# max-width per column, column == key, width == value
w = {}
lines = data.splitlines()
for line in lines:
    for col_nr, col in enumerate(line.strip().split(",")):
        w[col_nr] = max( w.get(col_nr,0), len(col))

# w == {0: 16, 1: 11,  2:  6, 3: 3,   4:  2,   5: 2, 
#       6:  5, 7: 12,  8: 29, 9: 6,  10: 10,  11: 12}

# write file
with open("file.txt","w") as f:
    for line in lines:
        for col_nr, col in enumerate(line.strip().split(",")):
            # the :<{w[col_nr]+5}} - part is left-adjusting to certain width 
            f.write(f"{col:<{w[col_nr]+5}}") # 5 additional spaces
        f.write("\n")

with open("file.txt","r") as f:
    print(f.read())

输出：

3526 HIGH ST          SACRAMENTO      95838      CA      2      1      836       Residential      Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008      59222      38.631913      -121.434879     
51 OMAHA CT           SACRAMENTO      95823      CA      3      1      1167      Residential      Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008      68212      38.478902      -121.431028     
2796 BRANCH ST        SACRAMENTO      95815      CA      2      1      796       Residential      Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008      68880      38.618305      -121.443839     
2805 JANETTE WAY      SACRAMENTO      95815      CA      2      1      852       Residential      Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008      69307      38.616835      -121.439146     
6001 MCMAHON DR       SACRAMENTO      95824      CA      2      1      797       Residential      Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008      81900      38.51947       -121.435768

Answer 2

您可以在类别中找到最长的值，并根据长度添加缓冲区间距：

data = """
3526 HIGH ST, SACRAMENTO, 95838, CA, 2, 1, 836, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 59222, 38.631913, -121.434879
51 OMAHA CT, SACRAMENTO, 95823, CA, 3, 1, 1167, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 68212, 38.478902, -121.431028
2796 BRANCH ST, SACRAMENTO, 95815, CA, 2, 1, 796, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 68880, 38.618305, -121.443839
2805 JANETTE WAY, SACRAMENTO, 95815, CA, 2, 1, 852, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 69307, 38.616835, -121.439146
6001 MCMAHON DR, SACRAMENTO, 95824, CA, 2, 1, 797, Residential, Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008, 81900, 38.51947, -121.435768
"""
new_data = [i.split(', ') for i in filter(None, data.split('\n'))]

def space(i, d):
  max_len = len(max(list(zip(*new_data))[i], key=len))
  return d+' '*(max_len-len(d))

final_result = '\n'.join(' '.join(space(*c) for c in enumerate(b)) for b in new_data)

输出：

3526 HIGH ST     SACRAMENTO 95838 CA 2 1 836  Residential Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008 59222 38.631913 -121.434879
51 OMAHA CT      SACRAMENTO 95823 CA 3 1 1167 Residential Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008 68212 38.478902 -121.431028
2796 BRANCH ST   SACRAMENTO 95815 CA 2 1 796  Residential Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008 68880 38.618305 -121.443839
2805 JANETTE WAY SACRAMENTO 95815 CA 2 1 852  Residential Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008 69307 38.616835 -121.439146
6001 MCMAHON DR  SACRAMENTO 95824 CA 2 1 797  Residential Wed May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2008 81900 38.51947  -121.435768

使用Python将csv转换为固定宽度的文件

2 个答案: