Question

我已经阅读并重新阅读了有关此问题的其他问题，但仍然无法创建自定义Django用户模型。我不断收到错误消息：Manager isn't available; 'auth.User' has been swapped for 'Users.User'。

如果无法清除错误，我创建了一个Users应用，其中models.py文件定义了自定义用户类User。

以下是我项目UserTest中的相关文件：

注册应用程序，指定自定义用户模型：

UserTest> UserTest> settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'Users'
]

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'Users.User'

通过我的User模型扩展默认的Django User类，并将其连接到Profile模型（与问题不严格相关，而是方法的基本方面。）

UserTest>用户> models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser


class User(AbstractUser):
    email = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=False, unique=True, verbose_name='Email', name='email')


class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    ...

在我的User应用的admin.py中注册新的Users模型（不确定是否需要测试快速前端功能吗？）

UserTest>用户> admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from .models import User

admin.site.register(User, UserAdmin)

我创建了一些基本表单和视图，以允许前端提交相关的用户和个人资料数据。鉴于错误，我认为它们不相关，但是如果有人觉得它们可以，我可以将它们包括在内。同样，错误如下：

Manager isn't available; 'auth.User' has been swapped for 'Users.User'

我最初使用User类创建了一个自定义AbstractBaseUser模型，该文档描述了必须也创建一个自定义Manager类的状态。使用该方法时，我遇到了相同的错误，并且没有读到使用AbstractUser

时，需要使用相同的自定义设置

在我的 UserTest>用户> forms.py 文件中，我尝试通过以下两种方式访问我的Users.models.User模型：

通过直接将其导入为这样：

from .models import User

通过使用Django的get_user_model()函数，

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model User = get_user_model()

第二种方法似乎已经解决了许多其他问题，例如问题HERE，但对我没有帮助（除非我遗漏了一些东西）。

错误的完整追溯在这里：

Internal Server Error: /test-form/
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 126, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 124, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\Users\views.py", line 19, in NewUserRegistration
    print("USERFORM:", user_form, type(user_form), dir(user_form))
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\html.py", line 397, in <lambda>
    klass.__str__ = lambda self: mark_safe(klass_str(self))
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 142, in __str__
    return self.as_table()
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 284, in as_table
    errors_on_separate_row=False,
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 202, in _html_output
    top_errors = self.non_field_errors()  # Errors that should be displayed above all fields.
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 313, in non_field_errors
    return self.errors.get(NON_FIELD_ERRORS, self.error_class(error_class='nonfield'))
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 180, in errors
    self.full_clean()
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\forms.py", line 383, in full_clean
    self._post_clean()
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\forms.py", line 107, in _post_clean
    super()._post_clean()
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 403, in _post_clean
    self.instance.full_clean(exclude=exclude, validate_unique=False)
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 1137, in full_clean
    self.clean()
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 338, in clean
    self.email = self.__class__.objects.normalize_email(self.email)
  File "C:\Users\...\Desktop\UserTest\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 188, in __get__
    cls._meta.swapped,
AttributeError: Manager isn't available; 'auth.User' has been swapped for 'Users.User'
[26/Oct/2018 09:47:02] "POST /test-form/ HTTP/1.1" 500 118088

感谢您的帮助。通常，如果我能够在SO上输入整个帖子而不会出现“啊哈”的时刻，那我就知道我很费劲。

更新1：添加forms.py和views.py

在我的UserTest > Users应用中，views.py和forms.py如下：

UserTest>用户> Forms.py

from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()


class NewUser(UserCreationForm):
    email = forms.EmailField(max_length=96)
    password = forms.PasswordInput()
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=18)

    def clean_email(self):
        email = self.cleaned_data['email'].lower()
        r = User.objects.filter(email=email)
        if r.count():
            raise ValidationError("Email already exists")
        return email

    def save(self, commit=True):

        user = User.objects.create_user(
            self.cleaned_data['email'],
            self.cleaned_data['password'],
            self.cleaned_data['username']
        )
        return user

注意：在这里，我既尝试了get_user_model()方法，又从User导入了我的自定义Users.models类，但都没有解决错误。

UserTest>用户> views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.contrib import messages
from .forms import NewUser


def NewUserRegistration(request):

    if request.method == 'POST':
        user_form = NewUser(request.POST)

        if user_form.is_valid():
            user_form.save()
            messages.success(request, 'Account Created Successfully!')
    else:
        user_form = NewUser()

    return render(request, 'Users/test-form.html', {'user_form': user_form})

Answer 1

与the documentation explains一样，诸如UserCreationForm“之类的表单都与User绑定在一起，需要重写或扩展才能与自定义用户模型一起使用。”

因此，如此处所示，您需要重写内部Meta类以指向您的模型：

class NewUser(UserCreationForm):
    ...
    class Meta(UserCreationForm.Meta):
        model = get_user_model()

Answer 2

使用自定义user model时，需要定义其objects，即manager，其中包含诸如create_user或create_superuser之类的各种方法。

您可以使用BaseUserManager在自定义管理器中继承并在User模型中对其进行定义。

可能就像-

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, email, date_of_birth, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
        birth and password.
        """
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')

        user = self.model(
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
            date_of_birth=date_of_birth,
        )

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, date_of_birth, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of
        birth and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(
            email,
            password=password,
            date_of_birth=date_of_birth,
        )
        user.is_admin = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

class User(AbstractUser):
    email = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=False, unique=True, verbose_name='Email', name='email')
    objects = UserManager()

这是一个简单的示例，您可以根据需要使用UserManager。

建议您参考文档以获得更清晰的了解-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/auth/customizing/

在Django中创建自定义用户类

2 个答案: