对字典创建的变量感到困惑

时间:2018-10-24 14:32:07

标签: python python-2.7 dictionary

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
states = {
    'oregon': 'OR',
    'florida': 'FL',
    'california': 'CA',
    'new york': 'NY',
    'michigan': 'MI'
}

cities = {
    'CA': 'san francisco',
    'MI': 'detroit',
    'FL': 'jacksonville'
}

cities['NY'] = 'new york'
cities['OR'] = 'portland'


for state, abbrev in states.items(): # add two variables
    print "%s is abbreviated %s" % (state, abbrev)

print '-' * 10    
for abbrev, city in cities.items():
    print "%s has the city %s" % (abbrev, city)

print '-' * 10
for state, abbrev in states.items():  # this is what i'm confusing about
    print "%s state is abbreviated %s and has city %s" % (state, abbrev, cities[abbrev])

我只想知道在可疑的行上,仅输入了两个变量(州和缩写),为什么可能要引用三个变量(州和缩写和城市[缩写])?

我的猜测是,“ abbrev”被使用两次,一次是在州字典中,一次是在城市字典中。那么,citys [abbrev]是指返回每个配对对象的第二个值吗?有人可以确认我的猜测是否正确吗?

如果是这种情况,为什么在将城市[abbrev]更改为城市[state]时会出现键盘错误?错误代码为:KeyError:“加利福尼亚”。它应该返回每对的第一个值。

我对它的工作方式感到困惑,请您帮我找到解决方法?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:-1)

在您的情况下,states.items()重复键-值对,例如(“ oregon”,“ OR”)。 state将是'oregon',而abbrev将是'OR'cities[abbrev]的作用是在字典'OR'中找到cities的值。对于'OR'就是'portland'

如果您尝试的值不在词典的键中,例如banana,然后Python会抛出KeyError,因为值banana不是该词典中的键。

要确保字典中存在键,可以使用in运算符。

for state, abbrev in states.items():
    # if the value of abbrev (e.g. 'OR') is a value in the cities dictionary
    # we know that there is a city in this state. Print it.
    if abbrev in cities:
        print "%s state is abbreviated %s and has city %s" % (state, abbrev, cities[abbrev])
    else:
        print "%s is abbreviated %s" % (state, abbrev)