我试图弄清楚nginx为什么返回500 Internal Server Error。最初，我让这个应用程序与Passenger一起以独立模式运行，但是我打算现在托管其他一些应用程序，而此时我无法使用nginx来满足请求。我可以使应用程序与WEBrick一起运行，但是对于目前的目标，这根本行不通。
我没有使用capistrano或任何类型的自动生成器，并且它在linode VPS上运行。大约十个月前，在linode重新启动硬件之前，它运行良好，并且在重新启动之后，它已经死了。那是大约10个月前的事，因此在开始这一旅程之前，我更新了系统上的所有软件包，以防对问题有影响。
这是尝试启动应用程序时得到的：
$ bundle exec passenger start
Unable to autodetect the currently active RVM gem set name. This could happen if you ran this program using 'sudo' instead of 'rvmsudo'. When using RVM, you're always supposed to use 'rvmsudo' instead of 'sudo!'.
Please try rerunning this program using 'rvmsudo'. If that doesn't help, please contact this program's author for support.
这是我的环境：
$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.18.8-x86_64-linode117 (maker@build.linode.com) (gcc version 4.9.2 (Debian 4.9.2-10+deb8u1)) #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Sep 18 18:48:25 UTC 2018
$ rvm list
=* ruby-2.5.1 [ x86_64 ]
# => - current
# =* - current && default
# * - default
$ rails -v
Rails 5.0.1
$ ruby -v
ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029) [x86_64-linux]
$ bundle -v
Bundler version 1.16.2
$ gem -v
2.7.7
nginx.conf：
# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Phusion Passenger config
##
# Uncomment it if you installed passenger or passenger-enterprise
##
# include /etc/nginx/passenger.conf;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/mod-http-passenger.conf
passenger_root /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/locations.ini;
#passenger_ruby /usr/bin/passenger_free_ruby;
passenger_ruby /home/deploy/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.1/bin/ruby;
# cat /etc/nginx/sites-available/site
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name site.com www.site.com;
passenger_ruby /home/deploy/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.1/wrappers/ruby;
passenger_enabled on;
root /var/www/site/code/public;
rails_env production;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains";
add_header X-Frame-Options DENY; # prevents page from being embedded in other pages
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; # prevents MIME type sniffing
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; # prevents XSS rendering
add_header X-Robots-Tag none; # prevents robots from crawling the requested page
add_header Pragma "no-cache"; # don't store a cached version of the site resources
add_header Cache-Control "no-cache"; # don't store a cached version of the site resources
add_header X-uri "$uri"; # requested URI
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; # required for Google fonts (CORS strikes again)
}
}
pg_hba.conf
# cat /etc/postgresql/9.4/main/pg_hba.conf
# PostgreSQL Client Authentication Configuration File
# ===================================================
#
# Refer to the "Client Authentication" section in the PostgreSQL
# documentation for a complete description of this file. A short
# synopsis follows.
#
# This file controls: which hosts are allowed to connect, how clients
# are authenticated, which PostgreSQL user names they can use, which
# databases they can access. Records take one of these forms:
#
# local DATABASE USER METHOD [OPTIONS]
# host DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
# hostssl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
# hostnossl DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD [OPTIONS]
#
# (The uppercase items must be replaced by actual values.)
#
# The first field is the connection type: "local" is a Unix-domain
# socket, "host" is either a plain or SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket,
# "hostssl" is an SSL-encrypted TCP/IP socket, and "hostnossl" is a
# plain TCP/IP socket.
#
# DATABASE can be "all", "sameuser", "samerole", "replication", a
# database name, or a comma-separated list thereof. The "all"
# keyword does not match "replication". Access to replication
# must be enabled in a separate record (see example below).
#
# USER can be "all", a user name, a group name prefixed with "+", or a
# comma-separated list thereof. In both the DATABASE and USER fields
# you can also write a file name prefixed with "@" to include names
# from a separate file.
#
# ADDRESS specifies the set of hosts the record matches. It can be a
# host name, or it is made up of an IP address and a CIDR mask that is
# an integer (between 0 and 32 (IPv4) or 128 (IPv6) inclusive) that
# specifies the number of significant bits in the mask. A host name
# that starts with a dot (.) matches a suffix of the actual host name.
# Alternatively, you can write an IP address and netmask in separate
# columns to specify the set of hosts. Instead of a CIDR-address, you
# can write "samehost" to match any of the server's own IP addresses,
# or "samenet" to match any address in any subnet that the server is
# directly connected to.
#
# METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi",
# "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert". Note that
# "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since
# it sends encrypted passwords.
#
# OPTIONS are a set of options for the authentication in the format
# NAME=VALUE. The available options depend on the different
# authentication methods -- refer to the "Client Authentication"
# section in the documentation for a list of which options are
# available for which authentication methods.
#
# Database and user names containing spaces, commas, quotes and other
# special characters must be quoted. Quoting one of the keywords
# "all", "sameuser", "samerole" or "replication" makes the name lose
# its special character, and just match a database or username with
# that name.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the postmaster receives
# a SIGHUP signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have
# to SIGHUP the postmaster for the changes to take effect. You can
# use "pg_ctl reload" to do that.
# Put your actual configuration here
# ----------------------------------
#
# If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more
# "host" records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL
# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses
# configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches.
# DO NOT DISABLE!
# If you change this first entry you will need to make sure that the
# database superuser can access the database using some other method.
# Noninteractive access to all databases is required during automatic
# maintenance (custom daily cronjobs, replication, and similar tasks).
#
# Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
local all postgres peer
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all peer
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 md5
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local replication postgres peer
#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 md5
#host replication postgres ::1/128 md5
site-enabled/在sites-available/中具有指向配置文件的符号链接。
我收到以下消息，但是尝试运行此命令的全部原因是为了解决它抱怨的错误。
$ passenger-config compile-agent --force
Checking for required software...
* Checking for C compiler...
Found: yes
Location: /usr/bin/cc
* Checking for C++ compiler...
Found: yes
Location: /usr/bin/c++
Unable to autodetect the currently active RVM gem set name. This could happen if you ran this program using 'sudo' instead of 'rvmsudo'. When using RVM, you're always supposed to use 'rvmsudo' instead of 'sudo!'.
Please try rerunning this program using 'rvmsudo'. If that doesn't help, please contact this program's author for support.
选中/var/log/ngingx/error.log可以显示：
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] Started GET "/" for [REDACTED] at 2018-10-18 19:18:43 -0700
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] Processing by PagesController#home as HTML
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] Rendering pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] Rendered shared/_tweets.html.erb (1.2ms)
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] Rendered pages/home.html.erb within layouts/application (10.9ms)
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] Rendered shared/_application_nav.html.erb (20.4ms)
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 541ms
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158]
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] ActionView::Template::Error (FATAL: Peer authentication failed for user "[REDACTED]"
App 26325 output: ):
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] 3: <h3 class="masthead-brand">Site Name</h3>
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] 4: <nav class="nav nav-masthead">
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] 5: <%= nav_generator 'nav-link', 'span' %>
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] 6: <%= login_helper 'nav-link' %>
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] 7: </nav>
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] 8: </div>
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] 9: </div>
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158]
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] app/models/concerns/current_user_concern.rb:9:in `guest_user'
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] app/models/concerns/current_user_concern.rb:5:in `current_user'
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] app/helpers/application_helper.rb:3:in `login_helper'
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] app/views/shared/_application_nav.html.erb:6:in `_app_views_shared__application_nav_html_erb___1001043723099543592_69980262645600'
App 26325 output: [d3f637be-1308-4fdc-ad97-d0476633b158] app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:48:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb__4053957196745232794_40927140'
已经参考的文档：
Unable to start the Phusion Passenger watchdog?
https://www.phusionpassenger.com/library/walkthroughs/start/ruby.html#bundle-exec-rails-server
https://www.phusionpassenger.com/library/admin/nginx/troubleshooting/ruby/#first-things-to-try
https://www.reddit.com/r/rails/comments/4i0m8j/migrate_from_webrick_to_phusion_passenger/
https://serverfault.com/questions/362697/nginx-passenger-returning-500s-for-every-request
https://medium.com/@maciejmensfeld/ruby-2-5-0-upgrade-remarks-100d7c0dd73d
https://www.linode.com/docs/development/ror/ruby-on-rails-nginx-debian/
我知道我会忘记一些可能会有所帮助的其他信息，因此，如果您有想法并需要更多详细信息，请告诉我您的确切需求，我将为您提供最新信息。谢谢您的协助！
答案 0 :(得分：1)
Peer authentication failed for user "[REDACTED]"
这似乎是数据库身份验证问题。您是否具有适当的环境变量设置来允许您从Rails连接到数据库，并且设置pg_hba.conf来进行正确的身份验证？
侧面说明：如果是这种情况，您可以考虑将其严格限制为不基于对等的身份验证，并使用强项。 https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/auth-methods.html