我目前正在为我的项目使用tk窗口python程序，但是tk窗口无法加载，并且在IDLE中没有错误消息。请帮忙 ！谢谢！
我试图在showdata和label之间切换位置，但是似乎必须首先在b4 showdata中定义标签，否则会出现错误消息。
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.scrolledtext as tkst
from quitButton import quitButton
from Student import Student
from tkinter.constants import LEFT
class Gui:
studentDL=[]
def __init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("Simple Grading System")
self.root.geometry('600x400')
self.editArea = tkst.ScrolledText(self.root,height=5)
self.editArea.pack(expand=1, fill="both")
self.menuChoice = tk.IntVar()
self.menuChoice.set(0)
menuItems = [('Display all grade data',1),
('Display student\'s overall marks',2),
('Display student\'s whose overall marks less than 40',3)]
for (val, item) in enumerate(menuItems):
tk.Radiobutton(self.root,
text=item[0],
variable=self.menuChoice,
command=self.showChoice,
value=val).pack(anchor=tk.W)
self.label = tk.Label(self.root, text='')
self.label.pack(side=LEFT)
self.showData()
self.averagemark()
self.btnQ = quitButton(self.root)
def isNumber(self, s):
try:
float(s)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
def showChoice(self):
if self.menuChoice.get() == 0:
self.showData()
elif self.menuChoice.get() == 1:
self.showGrade()
elif self.menuChoice.get() == 2:
self.showfail()
def showGrade(self):
self.showData()
self.editArea.delete(1.0, tk.END)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,('%-15s%-15s%10s%10s%10s\n'%
('Student ID','Name','CW mark','Exam mark',
'Overall')))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,'='*60+'\n')
for e in sorted(Gui.studentDL, key = lambda c: c.getname()):
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,e)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,'%10.2f'%e.overall())
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,'\n')
def showData(self):
try:
fileIn = open('markdata.dat', 'r')
Gui.studentDL=[]
Student.numStudent = 0
line = fileIn.readline()
self.editArea.delete(1.0, tk.END)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,('%-15s%-20s%15s%15s\n'%('Student ID',
'Name',
'CW mark',
'Exam mark')))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,'='*60+'\n')
while line != '':
Student.numStudent += 1
studentRec=line.split('_')
if len(studentRec) < 4:
self.label['text']= 'Missing data : '+line+'\n'
elif studentRec[0] == '' or studentRec[1] == '':
self.label['text']= 'Invalid Student ID or Name : '+line+'\n'
elif not self.isNumber(float(studentRec[2])):
self.label['text']= 'Coursework marks are not numbers : '+line+'\n'
elif not self.isNumber(float(studentRec[3])):
self.label['text']= 'Exam marks are not numbers : '+line+'\n'
elif float(studentRec[2]) < 0 or float(studentRec[2]) > 100 :
self.label['text']= 'Invalid Coursework marks : '+line+'\n'
elif float(studentRec[3]) < 0 or float(studentRec[3]) > 100 :
self.label['text']= 'Invalid Exam marks : '+line+'\n'
elif len(Gui.studentDL) == 0:
self.label['text']= 'empty or invalid data only : '+line+'\n'
else:
Gui.studentDL.append(Student(int(studentRec[0]),
studentRec[1],
float(studentRec[2]),
float(studentRec[3])))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,('%-10s%-20s%15.2f%15.2f\n'%(studentRec[0],
studentRec[1],
float(studentRec[2]),
float(studentRec[3]))))
fileIn.close()
except FileNotFoundError as error:
self.label['text']= 'File is not found! Please Rectify.'
def showfail(self):
self.showData()
overall = 0
self.editArea.delete(1.0, tk.END)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,('%-15s%-15s%10s%10s%10s\n'%
('Student ID','Name','CW mark','Exam ',
'Overall')))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,'='*60+'\n')
for e in sorted(Gui.studentDL, key = lambda c: c.getname()):
overall=e.overall()
if overall<40:
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,e)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,'%10.2f'%e.overall())
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT,'\n')
def averagemark(self):
self.showData()
total = 0
overall = 0
for e in sorted(Gui.studentDL, key = lambda c: c.getname()):
overall += e.overall()
total += 1
average= overall/total
self.label['text']= 'Average mark is :%10.2f'%average
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
Gui(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
对于quitbutton部分：
import tkinter as tk
class quitButton(tk.Button):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Button.__init__(self, parent)
self['text'] = 'Quit'
self['command'] = parent.destroy
self.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
quitButton(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
学生课堂部分：
class Student(object):
numStudent = 0 # class variable to record number of student
CWweight = 0.4
EXweight = 0.6
def __init__(self,studID,name,coursework,exam ):
'''
constructor method
Parameters:
- studID: student ID
- name: name of student
- coursework: coursework mark
- exam: exam mark
'''
Student.numStudent += 1
self.__studID = studID
self.__name = name
self.__coursework = coursework
self.__exam = exam
def overall(self):
'''
calculate overall grade of student
'''
return self.getcoursework()*Student.CWweight +
self.getexam()*Student.EXweight
def __str__(self):
'''
String representation of student object
'''
return '%-15d%-15s%10.2f%10.2f'%\
(self.getstudID(),self.getname(),self.getcoursework(),self.getexam())
def getstudID(self):
return self.__studID
def getname(self):
return self.__name
def getcoursework(self):
return self.__coursework
def getexam(self):
return self.__exam
my output markdata.dat：
50123456_lam tai man_70.0_60.0_
50223456_li tai man_60.0_90.5_
50323456_wong tai man_34.5_30.0_
50423456_ng tai man_90.5_70.0_
50523456_lau tai man_86.0_92.4_
50623456_chui tai man_70.0_64.5_
50723456_lim tai man_64.5_60.0_
50823456_pok tai man_37.5_35.50_
50923456_kim tai man_92.4_60.0_
50023456_tsang tai man_15.0_20.0_
50999999_chan peter_100.00_80.00_
答案 0 :(得分：0)
更新：
在注释中对其进行遍历之后，似乎无法启动程序的问题是您的while方法中的showData循环。
这是您代码的重写版本。现在应该开始，以为我认为您可能还需要解决其他一些显示数据的问题。我也将studentDL作为类属性移到了类中，以便可以在内部使用它。您在呼叫Gui.studentDL而不是类似self.studentDL之类的东西，我想说这里最好使用它作为类属性。
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.scrolledtext as tkst
#from quitButton import quitButton
#from Student import Student
from tkinter.constants import LEFT
class quitButton(tk.Button):
def __init__(self, parent):
tk.Button.__init__(self, parent)
self['text'] = 'Quit'
self['command'] = parent.destroy
self.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
class Student(object):
numStudent = 0 # class variable to record number of student
CWweight = 0.4
EXweight = 0.6
def __init__(self, studID, name, coursework, exam):
Student.numStudent += 1
self.__studID = studID
self.__name = name
self.__coursework = coursework
self.__exam = exam
def overall(self):
return self.getcoursework() * Student.CWweight + self.getexam() * Student.EXweight
def __str__(self):
return '%-15d%-15s%10.2f%10.2f'%(self.getstudID(), self.getname(), self.getcoursework(), self.getexam())
def getstudID(self):
return self.__studID
def getname(self):
return self.__name
def getcoursework(self):
return self.__coursework
def getexam(self):
return self.__exam
class Gui:
def __init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.studentDL = []
self.root.title("Simple Grading System")
self.root.geometry('600x400')
self.editArea = tkst.ScrolledText(self.root, height=5)
self.editArea.pack(expand=1, fill="both")
self.menuChoice = tk.IntVar()
self.menuChoice.set(0)
menuItems = [('Display all grade data', 1), ('Display student\'s overall marks', 2), ('Display student\'s whose overall marks less than 40', 3)]
for (val, item) in enumerate(menuItems):
tk.Radiobutton(self.root, text=item[0], variable=self.menuChoice, command=self.showChoice, value=val).pack(anchor=tk.W)
self.label = tk.Label(self.root, text='')
self.label.pack(side=LEFT)
self.showData()
self.averagemark()
self.btnQ = quitButton(self.root)
def isNumber(self, s):
try:
float(s)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
def showChoice(self):
if self.menuChoice.get() == 0:
self.showData()
elif self.menuChoice.get() == 1:
self.showGrade()
elif self.menuChoice.get() == 2:
self.showfail()
def showGrade(self):
self.showData()
self.editArea.delete(1.0, tk.END)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, ('%-15s%-15s%10s%10s%10s\n' % ('Student ID', 'Name', 'CW mark', 'Exam mark', 'Overall')))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, '=' * 60 + '\n')
for e in sorted(self.studentDL, key = lambda c: c.getname()):
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, e)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, '%10.2f' % e.overall())
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, '\n')
def showData(self):
try:
with open('markdata.dat', 'r') as fileIn:
self.studentDL = []
Student.numStudent = 0
self.editArea.delete(1.0, tk.END)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, ('%-15s%-20s%15s%15s\n' % ('Student ID', 'Name', 'CW mark', 'Exam mark')))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, '=' * 60 + '\n')
for line in fileIn:
Student.numStudent += 1
studentRec=line.split('_')
if len(studentRec) < 4:
self.label['text'] = 'Missing data : ' + line + '\n'
elif studentRec[0] == '' or studentRec[1] == '':
self.label['text'] = 'Invalid Student ID or Name : ' + line + '\n'
elif not self.isNumber(float(studentRec[2])):
self.label['text'] = 'Coursework marks are not numbers : ' + line + '\n'
elif not self.isNumber(float(studentRec[3])):
self.label['text'] = 'Exam marks are not numbers : ' + line + '\n'
elif float(studentRec[2]) < 0 or float(studentRec[2]) > 100 :
self.label['text'] = 'Invalid Coursework marks : ' + line + '\n'
elif float(studentRec[3]) < 0 or float(studentRec[3]) > 100 :
self.label['text'] = 'Invalid Exam marks : ' + line + '\n'
elif len(self.studentDL) == 0:
self.label['text'] = 'empty or invalid data only : ' + line + '\n'
else:
self.studentDL.append(Student(int(studentRec[0]), studentRec[1],
float(studentRec[2]), float(studentRec[3])))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, ('%-10s%-20s%15.2f%15.2f\n' % (studentRec[0], studentRec[1],
float(studentRec[2]), float(studentRec[3]))))
except FileNotFoundError as error:
print("Failed to open markdata")
self.label['text'] = 'File is not found! Please Rectify.'
def showfail(self):
self.showData()
overall = 0
self.editArea.delete(1.0, tk.END)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, ('%-15s%-15s%10s%10s%10s\n' % ('Student ID', 'Name', 'CW mark', 'Exam ', 'Overall')))
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, '=' * 60 + '\n')
for e in sorted(self.studentDL, key = lambda c: c.getname()):
overall = e.overall()
if overall<40:
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, e)
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, '%10.2f' % e.overall())
self.editArea.insert(tk.INSERT, '\n')
def averagemark(self):
self.showData()
total = 0
overall = 0
for e in sorted(self.studentDL, key = lambda c: c.getname()):
overall += e.overall()
total += 1
# added if statement to deal with dividing by zero
if overall != 0 or total != 0:
average = overall / total
else:
average = 0
self.label['text'] = 'Average mark is :%10.2f' % average
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
my_gui = Gui(root)
root.mainloop()