我正在从在线API中获取一些JSON,并将结果放入数组中以备将来使用。到目前为止,所有数据都很好(只是字符串数组),但我不知道如何处理其中一个结果。
This is the JSON(有人建议我使用https://jsonlint.com使其更具可读性,并且非常有用)
这是获取JSON的函数:
func getJSON(completionHandler: @escaping (Bool) -> ()) {
let jsonUrlString = "https://api.nytimes.com/svc/topstories/v1/business.json?api-key=f4bf2ee721031a344b84b0449cfdb589:1:73741808"
guard let url = URL(string: jsonUrlString) else {return}
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, err) in
guard let data = data, err == nil else {
print(err!)
return
}
do {
let response = try
JSONDecoder().decode(TopStoriesResponse.self, from: data)
// Pass results into arrays (title, abstract, url, image)
for result in response.results {
let headlines = result.title
let abstracts = result.abstract
let url = result.url
self.headlines.append(headlines)
self.abstracts.append(abstracts)
self.urls.append(url)
}
let imageResponse = try
JSONDecoder().decode(Story.self, from: data)
for imageResults in imageResponse.multimedia {
let images = imageResults.url
self.images.append(images)
}
completionHandler(true)
} catch let jsonErr {
print("Error serializing JSON", jsonErr)
}
}.resume()
}
这些是用于序列化JSON的结构:
struct TopStoriesResponse: Decodable {
let status: String
let results: [Story]
}
struct Story: Decodable {
let title: String
let abstract: String
let url: String
let multimedia: [Multimedia]
}
struct Multimedia: Codable {
let url: String
let type: String
}
我正在将结果整理到以下数组中:
var headlines = [String]()
var abstracts = [String]()
var urls = [String]()
var images = [String]()
然后我在viewDidLoad
getJSON { (true) in
print("Success")
print("\n\nHeadlines: \(self.headlines)\n\nAbstracts: \(self.abstracts)\n\nURLS: \(self.urls)\n\nImages: \(self.images)")
}
如您在getJSON
函数中所见,我尝试使用
let imageResponse = try JSONDecoder().decode(Story.self, from: data)
for imageResults in imageResponse.multimedia {
let images = imageResults.url
self.images.append(images)
}
但是我得到了错误
CodingKeys(stringValue:“ multimedia”,intValue:nil)],debugDescription:“预期对数组进行解码,但找到了一个字符串/数据。”,底层错误:nil))
我很困惑,因为它是在期待一个数组,但却找到了一个字符串-图像不是数组,就像headlines
,abstracts
等吗?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
问题在于multimedia
是Multimedia
对象的数组还是空的String
。您需要为Story
写一个自定义的初始化程序来处理它。
struct Story: Decodable {
let title: String
let abstract: String
let url: String
let multimedia: [Multimedia]
private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
case title
case abstract
case url
case multimedia
}
init(from decoder:Decoder) throws {
let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
title = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .title)
abstract = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .abstract)
url = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .url)
multimedia = (try? container.decode([Multimedia].self, forKey: .multimedia)) ?? []
}
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您已将multimedia
定义为数组。 json中有没有任何多媒体的部分,这些部分设置为空字符串:
multimedia: ""
您需要能够处理两种情况。由于Codable
旨在处理具体类型,因此最好改用JSONSerialization
。
如果您强烈希望使用Codable
,则可以以字符串形式处理JSON响应,以将multimedia: ""
转换为所需的格式,然后将其传递给解码器。例如,您可以将多媒体设置为可选,并只需使用multimedia: ""
删除所有行。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
问题在于来自服务器的JSON响应,Multimedia
数组在其中一个JSON响应中为空"" String
。要处理这种情况,您需要手动实现init(from decoder:)
方法并处理空的String情况。另外,您不需要创建单独的数组来存储值,可以直接在完成处理程序闭包中传递TopStoriesResponse
结构,并在需要时在ViewController中获取值。
假设您创建了一个具有成功(T)和失败(Error)的Result枚举,并将其传递给您的completedHandler以供ViewController处理
enum Result<T> {
case success(T)
case failure(Error)
}
struct Networking {
static func getJson(completionHandler: @escaping (Result<TopStoriesResponse>) -> ()) {
let jsonUrlString = "https://api.nytimes.com/svc/topstories/v1/business.json?api-key=f4bf2ee721031a344b84b0449cfdb589:1:73741808"
guard let url = URL(string: jsonUrlString) else {
return
}
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
guard let data = data, error == nil else {
completionHandler(Result.failure(error!))
return
}
do {
let topStoriesResponse: TopStoriesResponse = try JSONDecoder().decode(TopStoriesResponse.self, from: data)
print(topStoriesResponse.results.count)
completionHandler(Result.success(topStoriesResponse))
} catch {
completionHandler(Result.failure(error))
}
}.resume()
}
}
现在,您可以在ViewController中调用getJson方法,并在completionHandler中切换结果枚举以获取值
class ViewController: UIViewController {
var topStories: TopStoriesResponse?
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
loadData()
}
func loadData() {
Networking.getJson { (result: Result<TopStoriesResponse>) in
switch result {
case let .success(topStories):
self.topStories = topStories
topStories.results.forEach({ (story: Story) in
print("Title: \(story.title) \n Abstracts = \(story.abstract) URL = \(story.url)")
})
//reload tableView
case let .failure(error):
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
}
}
要处理空的String情况,您需要如上所述在Multimedia结构中实现init(decoder :)方法
struct Multimedia: Decodable {
let url: String
let image: String
let height: Float
let width: Float
}
struct Story: Decodable {
let title: String
let abstract: String
let url: String
let multimedia: [Multimedia]
private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
case title
case abstract
case url
case multimedia
}
init(from decoder:Decoder) throws {
let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
title = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .title)
abstract = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .abstract)
url = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .url)
multimedia = (try? container.decode([Multimedia].self, forKey: .multimedia)) ?? []
}
}
struct TopStoriesResponse: Decodable {
let status: String
let copyright: String
let num_results: Int
let results: [Story]
}