在我的代码中，尽管我认为我做得正确（可能不是！），但我发现Label并未使用“ textvariable”进行更新。
varmuTemperature = StringVar(value="default value")
self.Label = Label(Frame2, textvariable = varmuTemperature)
self.Label.pack()
这应该显示上面写有“默认值”的标签。问题是我什么都没写。 我的代码贴在这里。
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.artist as artists
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#import matplotlib.mlab as mlab
import scipy.stats
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg,
NavigationToolbar2Tk
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.animation as animation
from matplotlib import style
import numpy as np
import statistics
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import serial
import time
import itertools
integer=0
xList = []
humidityList = []
humidityListHistogram = []
temperatureList = []
temperatureListHistogram = []
cnt=0
if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
ports = ['COM%s' % (i + 1) for i in range(256)]
elif sys.platform.startswith('linux') or sys.platform.startswith('cygwin'):
# this excludes your current terminal "/dev/tty"
ports = glob.glob('/dev/tty[A-Za-z]*')
elif sys.platform.startswith('darwin'):
ports = glob.glob('/dev/tty.*')
else:
raise EnvironmentError('Unsupported platform')
ser = serial.Serial()
style.use("seaborn-whitegrid")
#varmuTemperature = StringVar()
#varmuHumidity = StringVar()
f=plt.figure(0, figsize=(20,10))
humidityGraph = plt.subplot(224)
humidityGraph.set_title("Humidity vs Time")
humidityGraph.set_ylabel("Humidity RAW (Dec)")
humidityGraph.set_xlabel("Sample ()")
temperatureGraph = plt.subplot(223)
temperatureGraph.set_title("Temperature vs Time")
temperatureGraph.set_ylabel("Temperature RAW (Dec)")
temperatureGraph.set_xlabel("Sample ()")
humidityGraphHistogram = plt.subplot(222)
temperatureGraphHistogram = plt.subplot(221)
temperatureGraphHistogramNormal = temperatureGraphHistogram.twinx()
humidityGraphHistogramNormal = humidityGraphHistogram.twinx()
side_text = plt.figtext(0.93, 0.5, 'Text 1'+'\n'+'Text 2', bbox=dict(facecolor='white'))
plt.subplots_adjust(left = 0.05, right = 0.95, bottom = 0.05, top = 0.95, wspace = 0.16, hspace = 0.21)
class make_window():
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
win = Tk()
win.title("Test")
win.state("zoomed")
Frame1 = Frame(win)
Frame1.pack()
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort = ttk.Combobox(Frame1, width = 30)
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort['values'] = []
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort.pack(padx=5, pady=5, side = LEFT)
self.buttonCheckComAvailable = Button(Frame1, text="Check COM Available", command = self.CheckComAvailable)
self.buttonCheckComAvailable.pack(padx=5, pady=10, side = LEFT)
self.buttonOpenCOMPort = Button(Frame1, text="Open COM Port", command = self.OnOpenCom)
self.buttonOpenCOMPort.pack(padx=5, pady=10, side = LEFT)
self.buttonCloseCOMPort = Button(Frame1, text="Close COM Port" , command = self.OnCloseCOM)
self.buttonCloseCOMPort.pack(padx=5, pady=10,side = LEFT)
self.CheckComAvailable()
Frame2 = Frame(win, highlightbackground = "red", highlightcolor = "red", highlightthickness = 1)
Frame2.pack()
varmuTemperature = StringVar(value="default value")
varmuTemperature.set("trerta")
print(varmuTemperature.get())
self.Label = Label(Frame2, textvariable = varmuTemperature)
self.Label.pack()
self.buttonCloseProgram = Button(Frame2, text="Close Program", command = self.OnCloseProgram)
self.buttonCloseProgram.pack(expand=True, fill='x', anchor='s')
Frame3 = Frame(win)
Frame3.pack()
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, Frame3)
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(padx=5, pady=10, side=BOTTOM, expand = True)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(canvas, Frame3)
toolbar.update()
canvas._tkcanvas.pack(padx=5, pady=10,side = TOP)
def CheckComAvailable(self):
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort['values'] =[]
result = []
for port in ports:
try:
s = serial.Serial(port)
s.close()
result.append(port)
except (OSError, serial.SerialException):
pass
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort['values'] += tuple(result)
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort.set(result[0])
def OnOpenCom(self):
ser.baudrate = 115200
ser.port = self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort.get()
try:
ser.open()
ser.readline()
ser.write("#dut,0$\n".encode('utf-8'))
ser.readline()
ser.write("#v,1800,1800$\n".encode('utf-8'))
ser.write("#W,77,08,07$\n".encode('utf-8'))
ser.readline()
except(OSError):
print("COM Port in use")
def OnCloseCOM(self):
global xList
global humidityList
global temperatureList
global humidityListHistogram
global temperatureListHistogram
global integer
integer=0
xList = []
humidityList = []
temperatureList = []
ser.close()
def OnCloseProgram(self):
self.OnCloseCOM()
exit()
## def toggle_geom(self,event):
## geom=self.master.winfo_geometry()
## print(geom,self._geom)
## self.master.geometry(self._geom)
## self._geom=geom
def animate(i):
global integer
global cnt
try:
ser.write(("#R,77,00,03$" + chr(10)).encode('utf-8'))
humidityLine=ser.readline()
inthumidityLine= int(humidityLine,16)
if (inthumidityLine > 8388608):
inthumidityLine = inthumidityLine - 16777216
humidityList.append(inthumidityLine)
humidityListHistogram.append(inthumidityLine)
ser.write(("#R,77,03,03$" + chr(10)).encode('utf-8'))
temperatureLine=ser.readline()
LineHistogram = temperatureLine
inttemperatureLine= int(temperatureLine,16)
if (inttemperatureLine > 8388608):
inttemperatureLine = inttemperatureLine - 16777216
temperatureList.append(inttemperatureLine)
temperatureListHistogram.append(inttemperatureLine)
xList.append(integer)
integer+=1
##################################################################################################################
## Creates the HUMIDITY Graphics
##################################################################################################################
humidityGraph.clear()
humidityGraph.plot(xList,humidityList,'-b*', label = "Humidity RAW")
humidityGraph.legend(loc='upper right', fancybox = True, frameon = True, shadow = True)
humidityGraph.set_title("Humidity vs Time")
humidityGraph.set_ylabel("Humidity RAW (Dec)")
humidityGraph.set_xlabel("Sample ()")
muHumidity = statistics.mean(humidityListHistogram)
#print("Mean = " + str(muHumidity) + " ; N = " + str(len(humidityListHistogram)))
#global varmuHumidity
#varmuHumidity.set("Humidity: ")
if (len(humidityListHistogram) > 1):
sigmaHumidity = statistics.pstdev(humidityListHistogram)
else:
sigmaHumidity = 100
humidityGraphHistogram.clear()
nHumidity, binsHumidity, patchesHumidity = humidityGraphHistogram.hist(humidityListHistogram, 100, density=False, facecolor='blue', alpha=0.75, histtype = 'stepfilled')
normalDistHumidity = scipy.stats.norm.pdf(binsHumidity, muHumidity, sigmaHumidity)
humidityGraphHistogramNormal.clear()
humidityGraphHistogramNormal.plot(binsHumidity, normalDistHumidity, 'r--')
humidityGraphHistogram.set_title("Histogram for Humidity Data")
humidityGraphHistogram.set_ylabel("Humidity RAW Counts (Dec)")
humidityGraphHistogram.set_xlabel("BINS ()")
humidityGraphHistogramNormal.set_ylabel("Normal Distribution")
##################################################################################################################
## Creates the TEMPERATURE Graphics
##################################################################################################################
temperatureGraph.clear()
temperatureGraph.plot(xList,temperatureList,'-r*', label = "Temperature RAW")
temperatureGraph.legend(loc='upper right', fancybox = True, frameon = True, shadow = True)
temperatureGraph.set_title("Temperature vs Time")
temperatureGraph.set_ylabel("Temperature RAW (Dec)")
temperatureGraph.set_xlabel("Sample ()")
muTemperature = statistics.mean(temperatureListHistogram)
#global varmuTemperature
#varmuTemperature.set("Temperature: " )
if (len(temperatureList) > 1):
sigmaTemperature = statistics.pstdev(temperatureListHistogram)
else:
sigmaTemperature = 100
temperatureGraphHistogram.clear()
nTemperature, binsTemperature, patchesTemperature = temperatureGraphHistogram.hist(temperatureListHistogram, 100, density=False, facecolor='red', alpha=0.75, histtype = 'stepfilled')
normalDistTemperature = scipy.stats.norm.pdf(binsTemperature, muTemperature, sigmaTemperature)
temperatureGraphHistogramNormal.clear()
temperatureGraphHistogramNormal.plot(binsTemperature, normalDistTemperature, 'b--')
temperatureGraphHistogram.set_title("Histogram for Temperature Data")
temperatureGraphHistogram.set_ylabel("Temperature RAW Counts (Dec)")
temperatureGraphHistogram.set_xlabel("BINS ()")
temperatureGraphHistogramNormal.set_ylabel("Normal Distribution")
if (cnt > 100):
xList.pop(0)
humidityList.pop(0)
temperatureList.pop(0)
cnt+=1
except(OSError):
bla=0
win = make_window()
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(f, animate, interval = 300)
make_window.mainloop()
调试一下并开始注释代码行，我发现问题可能来自
f=plt.figure(0, figsize=(20,10))
注释此行（及其所有相关性）使Label得以写入。 有人可以帮忙吗？我不明白为什么图形会干扰Label。 非常感谢。
答案 0 :(得分：0)
一般的问题似乎是您对实例变量和对象的管理。您将self.*变量保留下来，不再需要引用诸如buttonCheckComAvailable之类的东西，但是却无法为self.*之类的事物创建varmuTemperature变量，以后需要参考。
在对象方面，您所做的事情没有意义：
make_window.mainloop()
因为make_window是一个对象类，而不是实例，并且类make_window的实例无论如何都不会响应mainloop，因为它包含一个窗口但不是一个窗口本身。
这是您的示例代码的MCVE，该代码使varmuTemperature成为实例变量，并且仅出于演示目的，在单击界面上的各个按钮时进行设置，以便您可以看到它的工作状态：
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
class make_window():
def __init__(self):
self.win = Tk()
self.win.title("Test")
self.win.state("zoomed")
Frame1 = Frame(self.win)
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort = ttk.Combobox(Frame1, width=30)
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort['values'] = []
self.comboBoxAvailableCOMPort.pack(padx=5, pady=5, side=LEFT)
Button(Frame1, text="Check COM Available", command=self.CheckComAvailable).pack(padx=5, pady=10, side=LEFT)
Button(Frame1, text="Open COM Port", command=self.OnOpenCom).pack(padx=5, pady=10, side=LEFT)
Button(Frame1, text="Close COM Port", command=self.OnCloseCom).pack(padx=5, pady=10, side=LEFT)
Frame1.pack()
Frame2 = Frame(self.win, highlightbackground="red", highlightcolor="red", highlightthickness=1)
self.varmuTemperature = StringVar(value="default value")
Label(Frame2, textvariable=self.varmuTemperature).pack()
Button(Frame2, text="Close Program", command=self.OnCloseProgram).pack(expand=True, fill='x', anchor='s')
Frame2.pack()
def CheckComAvailable(self):
self.varmuTemperature.set("CheckCom")
def OnOpenCom(self):
self.varmuTemperature.set("OpenCom")
def OnCloseCom(self):
self.varmuTemperature.set("CloseCom")
def OnCloseProgram(self):
self.OnCloseCom()
exit()
window = make_window()
window.win.mainloop()