我们最近将其中一位客户的Oracle数据库从Windows-1252转换为Unicode(我不知道他们如何仍然可以继续使用;他们保存了许多个人名称)。
一切正常,除了某些字符。是字符ṣ
(下面带有点的s)使问题进入我们的世界。
据我所知,未指定时,Java使用其逻辑字体来查找可在每个OS上使用的字体(请参见https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/2d/text/fonts.html)。
我建立了一个简单的示例,它是https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/components/textfield.html中的一个示例:
/*
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*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* - Neither the name of Oracle or the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
* IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
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* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/* TextDemo.java requires no other files. */
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class Chartest extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
protected JTextField textField;
protected JTextArea textArea;
private final static String newline = "\n";
public Chartest() {
super(new GridBagLayout());
// UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Arial",
// Font.PLAIN, 14));
textField = new JTextField(20);
textField.addActionListener(this);
textArea = new JTextArea(5, 20);
textArea.setEditable(false);
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
// Add Components to this panel.
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
add(textField, c);
c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
c.weightx = 1.0;
c.weighty = 1.0;
add(scrollPane, c);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
String text = textField.getText();
textArea.append(text + newline);
textField.selectAll();
// Make sure the new text is visible, even if there
// was a selection in the text area.
textArea.setCaretPosition(textArea.getDocument().getLength());
}
/**
* Create the GUI and show it. For thread safety,
* this method should be invoked from the
* event dispatch thread.
*/
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
// Create and set up the window.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("TextDemo");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
// Add contents to the window.
frame.add(new Chartest());
// Display the window.
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread:
// creating and showing this application's GUI.
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createAndShowGUI();
}
});
}
}
我添加的唯一内容是以下行:
// UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 14));
在此行中,在文本字段中键入时,ṣ
变为正方形。如果您取消注释此行,它将起作用。查看Java lib文件夹中的fontconfig.properties.src
,所有逻辑字体都指向可以显示ṣ
的字体:Times,Courier和Arial。我将文件重命名为fontconfig.properties
,并将所有内容都更改为Arial
以覆盖默认值。它什么都没改变。
这也行不通:
UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults().put("TextField.font", new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, 14));
尽管Dialog很明显在fontconfig.properties.src
中引用了Arial。
我在俯视什么?我正在使用Java 10。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
逻辑字体的渲染似乎是一个谜。在一次测试中,当JTextArea
评估为JTextField
时,我在textArea.getFont()==textField.getFont()
内而不是true
内正确渲染了有问题的字符!
fontconfig.properties.src
引用了Arial
,但它也包含以下行:
exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
和ṣ
和Ṣ
(U+1e63
和U+1e62
)恰好在该范围内。
我不知道这些明显的“字母”字符在此处被排除在哪里应该结束。 This document仅声明:
如果需要在搜索序列中早期放置具有较大字符库的字体(例如,出于性能原因),但是该字体支持的某些字符应使用另一种字体绘制,则使用此方法。
但是我不知道为什么不应该使用配置为“字母”的第一种字体来呈现这些字符,以及应该在搜索序列中使用哪种其他字体来呈现它们。
此外,该范围看起来很安静,即表示Ṣ
和ṣ
在排除范围内,而Ạ
和ạ
不在并且可以呈现正确。
当您将此行变成注释时,即
#exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
问题消失了。
我感到原始的排除子句导致渲染最终以嵌入的Lucida字体结束,而Lucida字体无法渲染这些字符。在JDK 11中,此排除行仍然存在,并且它是更新版本:
exclusion.alphabetic=0700-1cff,1d80-1e9f,1f00-2017,2020-20ab,20ad-20b8,20bb-20bc,20be-f8ff
仍然覆盖ṣ
和Ṣ
(U+1e63
和U+1e62
)。但是Lucida字体已被删除,因此,AWT代码中对这些字体的硬编码引用也必须被删除。
作为JDK 10和JDK 11之间所做更改的最终结果,正确显示了字符ṣ
和Ṣ
。
因此,最重要的是,您不必简单地修复JDK 10的AWT配置,也可以简单地更新到JDK 11。
这同时适用于OpenJDK 11和Oracle JDK11。它们的字体配置文件仅在许可证标题注释中有所不同……