Question

我正在尝试将键盘上的指示灯切换为Num Lock，Caps Lock和Scroll Lock。（我只想让它们在夜间自动将其关闭。）使用AutoHotkey或AutoIt可以做到这一点。但是，如果工作站被锁定，该脚本不会生效。

在研究这样做会引起某种DLL调用的同时，我在SetKeyboardState中遇到了user32.dll。不幸的是，根据Windows Dev Center文档，无法使用SetKeyboardState来设置这三个键的键盘状态（并且每个键都由名称提及）。

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/winuser/nf-winuser-setkeyboardstate

另一个线程据说仅在AutoIt中使用ControlSend。即使没有活动的GUI会话或交互使用键盘/鼠标，这通常也非常可靠。

以下作品很棒：

ControlSend("", "", "", "{NUMLOCK off}")

...，但仅当存在活动的GUI会话时。屏幕锁定后，此操作无效。

我知道这些是特殊键：它们不是控制软件线程的输入状态，而是物理键盘状态的一部分，并控制整个系统的全局输入。

有没有其他选择？用任何语言？

Answer 1

至少在Windows上，工作站锁定时似乎没有办法切换这些键。无论使用哪种语言或框架，都需要通过底层的OS层。如果没有交互式会话，则不会发送这些按键。

自然，如果您站在键盘旁并按下这些键，它们的响应就很好。

因此，可以通过控制键盘作为连接的外围设备（例如Arduino）来完成此操作。其中一些型号可以充当USB键盘/鼠标。（我已经使用Arduino Leonardo和Spark Fun Pro Micro进行了尝试。在此用例中，两者的响应方式相同。）

注意：：即使由Arduino或终端人员更新了切换键，在解锁工作站之前，操作系统中也不会更新切换键的状态。无论工作站处于锁定状态时切换键处于何种状态，无论锁定终端上的人员使用键盘做什么，该键都会继续以该状态显示在任何正在运行的脚本中，直到工作站被解锁为止。可以使用下面的AHK脚本轻松验证这一点。

下面是AutoHotKey控制脚本的一个最小示例（尽管任何可以通过串行连接发送数据的程序也可以这样做）和Arduino草图：

AutoHotKey控制脚本

Loop
{
  RS232_FileHandle := RS232_Initialize()
  if (RS232_FileHandle)
  {
    ; Turn them all off
    (1 = GetKeyState("NumLock", "T")) ? RS232_Write(RS232_FileHandle, "219") : NA
    Sleep, 750
    (1 = GetKeyState("CapsLock", "T")) ? RS232_Write(RS232_FileHandle, "193") : NA
    Sleep, 750
    (1 = GetKeyState("ScrollLock", "T")) ? RS232_Write(RS232_FileHandle, "207") : NA

    Sleep, 4000

    ; Turn them all on
    (0 = GetKeyState("NumLock", "T")) ? RS232_Write(RS232_FileHandle, "219") : NA
    Sleep, 750
    (0 = GetKeyState("CapsLock", "T")) ? RS232_Write(RS232_FileHandle, "193") : NA
    Sleep, 750
    (0 = GetKeyState("ScrollLock", "T")) ? RS232_Write(RS232_FileHandle, "207") : NA

    RS232_Close(RS232_FileHandle)
  }
  Sleep, 4000
}

RS232_LoadSettings()
{
  RS232_Port     := "COM3"
  RS232_Baud     := "9600"
  RS232_Parity   := "N"
  RS232_DataBits := "8"
  RS232_StopBits := "1"
  RS232_Timeout  := "Off"
  RS232_XonXoff  := "Off"
  RS232_CTS_Hand := "Off"
  RS232_DSR_Hand := "Off"
  RS232_DSR_Sens := "Off"
  RS232_DTR      := "Off"
  RS232_RTS      := "Off"

  ; MSDN Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mode
  RS232_Settings = %RS232_Port%:BAUD=%RS232_Baud% PARITY=%RS232_Parity% DATA=%RS232_DataBits% STOP=%RS232_StopBits% to=%RS232_Timeout% xon=%RS232_XonXoff% odsr=%RS232_DSR_Hand% octs=%RS232_CTS_Hand% dtr=%RS232_DTR% rts=%RS232_RTS% idsr=%RS232_DSR_Sens%
  return RS232_Settings
}

RS232_Initialize()
{
  ; Source adapted from: https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/26231-serial-com-port-console-script/
  RS232_Settings := RS232_LoadSettings()
  RS232_Port     := StrSplit(RS232_Settings, ":")[1]
  RS232_COM      := (4 <= StrLen(RS232_Port) ? "\\.\" : "") . RS232_Port
  StringTrimLeft, RS232_Settings, RS232_Settings, StrLen(RS232_Port)+1
  VarSetCapacity(DCB, 28)
  if (1 <> DllCall("BuildCommDCB","str",RS232_Settings,"UInt",&DCB))
  {
    return false
  }
  hCom := DllCall("CreateFile","Str",RS232_COM,"UInt",0xC0000000,"UInt",3,"UInt",0,"UInt",3,"UInt",0,"UInt",0,"Cdecl Int")
  if (hCom < 1)
  {
    return false
  }
  if (1 <> DllCall("SetCommState","UInt",hCom,"UInt",&DCB))
  {
    RS232_Close(hCom)
    return false
  }
  VarSetCapacity(Data, 20, 0)
  NumPut(0xffffffff, Data,  0, "UInt")
  NumPut(0x00000000, Data,  4, "UInt")
  NumPut(0x00000000, Data,  8, "UInt")
  NumPut(0x00000000, Data, 12, "UInt")
  NumPut(0x00000000, Data, 16, "UInt")
  if (1 <> DllCall("SetCommTimeouts","UInt",hCom,"UInt",&Data))
  {
    RS232_Close(hCom)
    return false
  }
  return hCom
}

RS232_Write(hCom, msg)
{
  SetFormat, Integer, DEC
  StringSplit, Byte, msg, `,
  Data_Length := Byte0
  VarSetCapacity(Data, Byte0, 0xFF)
  i := 1
  Loop %Byte0%
  {
    NumPut(Byte%i%, Data, (i-1) , "UChar")
    i++
  }

  Bytes_Sent := 0
  WF_Result := DllCall("WriteFile","UInt",hCom,"UInt",&Data,"UInt",Data_Length,"UInt*",Bytes_Sent,"Int","NULL")
  if (WF_Result <> 1 or Bytes_Sent <> Data_Length)
  {
    return false
  }
  return Bytes_Sent
}

RS232_Close(hCom)
{
  return (1 == DllCall("CloseHandle","UInt",hCom))
}

Arduino草图

/* Pro Micro NumCapsScrollToggleDemo
   by: Jonathan David Arndt
   date: March 6, 2020

   This will allow the toggle of the Num Lock, Caps Lock, and Scroll Lock keys
   on the keyboard, via commands sent over USB serial
*/

#include <Keyboard.h>

// You could patch this into your Keyboard.h file, or just define it here
// Source: https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=173583.0 (attachment: USBAPI.h)
#define KEY_NUM_LOCK    0xDB
#define KEY_SCROLL_LOCK 0xCF

void pressAndRelease(int c);

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600); // This pipes to the serial monitor
  delay(3000);        // Wait a moment for things to get setup
  Serial.println("Initialize Serial Monitor");
}

void loop()
{
  int c = 0;

  if (0 < Serial.available())
  {
    c = Serial.read();
    if (219 == c)
    {
      pressAndRelease(KEY_NUM_LOCK);
    }
    else if (193 == c)
    {
      pressAndRelease(KEY_CAPS_LOCK);
    }
    else if (207 == c)
    {
      pressAndRelease(KEY_SCROLL_LOCK);
    }
  }
}

void pressAndRelease(int c)
{
  Keyboard.press(c);
  Keyboard.release(c);
}

在工作站锁定时切换NUMLOCK / CAPSLOCK / SCROLLLOCK？

1 个答案:

AutoHotKey控制脚本

Arduino草图