是WeakHashMap不断增长,还是清除垃圾密钥?

时间:2018-10-13 05:30:49

标签: java garbage-collection weakhashmap

我正在尝试将WeakHashMap用作弱引用的并发Set

    this.subscribers =
            Collections.synchronizedSet(
                    Collections.newSetFromMap(
                            new WeakHashMap <>()
                    )
            );

当一个元素进入垃圾收集时,我的集合继续将其报告为收集的一部分。因此,地图似乎正在不断增长。

文档说:

  

钥匙遗失后,其条目会从地图上有效删除,……

但是实际上似乎并非如此。

WeakHashMap是否曾经清除碎屑?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

是的,实际上在收集垃圾后在清除的键

是的,WeakHashMap确实清除了碎屑。用于垃圾回收的密钥不再按大小报告。但是您必须等待垃圾收集真正发生。

对于您的对象进行垃圾回收,您似乎不正确。也许您的对象成为了候选对象以进行垃圾收集,但尚未被收集。尝试调用垃圾收集器,然后等待它完成。但是请记住,对System.gc()的调用只是对JVM的建议,根据您的JVM实现和当前的运行时情况,可能会忽略它。

这是一个完整的示例应用程序。请注意,无论是调用Set还是让对象超出范围,size都报告Set::remove减少。

package com.basilbourque.example;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;

public class WeakHashMapExercise {

    public static void main ( String[] args ) {
        WeakHashMapExercise app = new WeakHashMapExercise();
        app.doIt();
    }

    private void doIt ( ) {
        Set < UUID > set =
                Collections.synchronizedSet(
                        Collections.newSetFromMap(
                                new WeakHashMap <>()
                        )
                );

        UUID uuid1 = UUID.fromString( "a8ee1e34-cead-11e8-a8d5-f2801f1b9fd1" );
        UUID uuid2 = UUID.fromString( "39bda2b4-5885-4f56-a900-411a49beebac" );
        UUID uuid3 = UUID.fromString( "0b630385-0452-4b96-9238-20cdce37cf55" );
        UUID uuid4 = UUID.fromString( "98d2bacf-3f7f-4ea0-9c17-c91f6702322c" );

        System.out.println( "Size before adding: " + set.size() );

        set.add( uuid1 );
        set.add( uuid2 );
        set.add( uuid3 );
        set.add( uuid4 );

        System.out.println( "Size after adding 4 items: " + set.size() );  // Expect 4.

        set.remove( uuid3 );

        System.out.println( "Size after removing item # 3: " + set.size() );  // Expect 3.

        uuid2 = null;  // Release that UUID to garbage-collection.

        // That released object may still appear in our `Set` until garbage collection actually executes. 
        System.gc(); // Ask the JVM to run the garbage-collection. Only a suggestion, may be ignored.
        try {
            Thread.sleep( 1_000 );  // Wait a moment, just for the heck of it.
        } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println( "Size after making garbage of item # 2: " + set.size() );  // Expect 2.

        for ( UUID uuid : set ) {
            System.out.println( uuid.toString() );
        }


    }
}

请参阅此code run live at IdeOne.com

  

添加前的大小:0

     

添加4个项目后的大小:4

     

删除项目3:3后的尺寸

     

丢弃项目2:2后的尺寸

就我而言,使用Java 10.0.2中基于OpenJDKZulu JVMAzul Systems版本,垃圾收集器似乎确实是在我的请求下激活的。如果我将延迟推迟一秒钟或致电System.gc进行注释,则报告的最后一个大小将保持3而不是预期的2

您甚至可以在running this code live at IdeOne.com时看到此行为。请注意,下面的最后一项是3但上面的是2

  

添加前的大小:0

     

添加4个项目后的大小:4

     

删除项目3:3后的尺寸

     

丢弃项目2:3后的尺寸

答案 1 :(得分:2)

garbage-collection清除weak reference时,它将“事件”发布到参考队列。该过程为asynchronous,即使GC已“清除”您的密钥,WeakHashMap仍具有对该值的强烈引用。实际清理发生在以下情况:

  1. 垃圾收集器已将事件发布到参考队列(您无法控制何时发生)。
  2. 您在WeakHashMap上调用其他任何方法-将会进行所需的清理。

这里是显示正在发生的事情的示例。

public class WeakHashMapInAction {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Key key = new Key();
        KeyMetadata keyMeta = new KeyMetadata("keyMeta");

        WeakHashMap<Key, KeyMetadata> map = new WeakHashMap<>();
        map.put(key, keyMeta);

        // wrap the key into a weakReference
        WeakReference<Key> keyReference = new WeakReference<>(key);

        // force key to be GC-ed
        key = null;
        for (; keyReference.get() != null; ) {
            System.gc();
        }

        // at this point keyReference::get returns null,
        // meaning the GC has reclaimed "key";
        // that does NOT mean WeakHashMap removed that entry though

        // you can enable this code to see that "not yet collected" is not printed at all
        // since you are giving enough time for the Reference thread to post to that ReferenceQueue
        // LockSupport.parkNanos(10000000);

        while (map.size() == 1) {
            // if you run this enough times, you will see this sometimes is printed
            // even if WeakHashMap::size calls "expungeStaleEntries" internally
            // it does not mean that the event to the queue was pushed in time
            // by the Reference thread
            System.out.println("not yet collected");
        }

        System.out.println("collected");

    }


    static class Key {

    }

    @RequiredArgsConstructor
    @Getter
    static class KeyMetadata {
        private final String someInfo;

        // Constructor.
        KeyMetadata ( String someInfo ) { this.someInfo = someInfo; }
    }

}