对于学校来说，我需要编写一个程序，该程序使用自己的malloc和free实现。我需要能够报告“堆”中的所有内存块，无论是否已分配。我觉得我已经写了很好的代码来做到这一点，但是显然没有。我运行它的前几次，报告一直在同一地址上报告。在尝试调试时，有一点表明程序甚至不允许我开始分配要用作“堆”的空间，它只会出现分段错误并退出。任何关于我要去哪里，甚至根本不清理代码的指针都将非常有帮助。
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define WORDSIZE 8
#define ALLOCMAGIC 0xbaddecaf
#define FREEMAGIC 0xdeadbeef
typedef struct __header_t {
size_t size;
int magic;
} header_t;
typedef struct __node_t {
size_t size;
struct __node_t *next;
} node_t;
node_t *head = NULL;
// Find the free node that occurs just before the given node.
node_t *findLastFree(node_t * node) {
// Initialize some pointers to traverse the free node linked list;
node_t *lastFree = head;
node_t *nextFree = lastFree->next;
// Traverse linked list until the last node's pointer is pointed to NULL,
// meaning the end of the list.
while (nextFree != NULL) {
// Check if target node is less than the next node, meaning the target node
// is between last and next. If so, then return last node.
if (node < nextFree) {
return lastFree;
}
lastFree = nextFree;
nextFree = lastFree->next;
}
// If we have reached the end of the list and the target node is still greater
// than the last node, return last node.
return lastFree;
}
// If the given pointer is allocated, deallocate the space and coalesce the free
// node list.
void myFree(void *ptr) {
// Initialize some free node pointers and assert that the given pointer is
// the beginning of allocated space.
node_t *lastFree;
node_t *nextFree;
node_t *newFree;
header_t *block = ((header_t *) ptr) - 1;
assert(block->magic == ALLOCMAGIC);
// Set this block's signal to free space
block->magic = FREEMAGIC;
// Typecast the block into a free node and set it's size.
size_t size = block->size + sizeof(header_t);
newFree = (node_t *) block;
newFree->size = size;
// Check if node is before the first free node. If so set the new node as
// the new head. If not, then handle node as it occurs after head.
if (newFree < head) {
nextFree = head;
// Check if new node ends at the start of head. If so, merge them
// into a single free node. Else point the new node at the previous head.
// Either way, set new free as the new head.
if ((newFree + newFree->size) == head) {
newFree->next = head->next;
newFree->size = newFree->size + head->size;
} else {
newFree->next = head;
}
head = newFree;
} else {
// Set the free nodes for before and after the new free node.
lastFree = findLastFree(newFree);
nextFree = lastFree->next;
// Check if new node is the last node. If so, point the previous final
// node at the new node and point the new node at NULL.
if (nextFree == NULL) {
lastFree->next = newFree;
newFree->next = NULL;
}
// Check if end of new node is touching next node. If so, merge them
// into a single free node. Else point new free and next free.
if ((newFree + newFree->size) == nextFree) {
newFree->next = nextFree->next;
newFree->size = newFree->size + nextFree->size;
} else {
newFree->next = nextFree;
}
// Check if start of new node is touching last free node. If so, merge
// them into a single free node. Else point last's next to new free.
if ((lastFree + lastFree->size) == newFree) {
lastFree->next = newFree->next;
lastFree->size = lastFree->size + newFree->size;
} else {
lastFree->next = newFree;
}
}
}
// Split the given free node to fit the given size. Create a new node at the
// remainder and rearrange the free list to accomodate.
void splitBlock(node_t *node, size_t size) {
// Create a new pointer at the end of the requested space.
void *newBlock = node + size;
// Set the bits of the new space as if it were allocated then freed.
header_t *hptr = (header_t *) newBlock;
hptr->size = (node->size - size - sizeof(header_t));
hptr->magic = FREEMAGIC;
// Typecast the new space into a node pointer. Reinsert it into the free
// node list.
node_t *newFree = (node_t *) newBlock;
newFree->size = node->size - size;
newFree->next = node->next;
node_t *lastFree = findLastFree(newFree);
lastFree->next = newFree;
}
// Find a free node that can fit the given size. Split the node so no space is
// wasted. If no node can fit requested size, increase the heap size to accomodate.
void *findFirstFit(size_t size) {
// Create a node pointer to traverse the free node list.
node_t *node = head;
// Traverse the list until the end is reached.
while(node != NULL) {
// Check if the node can accomodate the requested size.
if (node->size >= size) {
// Split the current node at the requested size and return a pointer
// to the start of the requested space.
splitBlock(node, size);
return (void *) node;
}
node = node->next;
}
// No free space could fit requested size, so request more space at the end
// of the heap.
void *newspace = sbrk(size);
assert(newspace >= 0);
return newspace;
}
// Allocate a block of space for the given size and return a pointer to the start
// of the freed space.
void *myMalloc(size_t need) {
// Round the given size up to the next word size. Add the size of a header to
// the amount actually needed to allocate.
need = (need + WORDSIZE - 1) & ~(WORDSIZE - 1);
size_t actual = need + sizeof(header_t);
// Find a free node that can accomodate the given size. Check it is valid.
void *firstfit = findFirstFit(actual);
assert(firstfit >= 0);
// Create a header for the newly allocated space.
header_t *hptr = (header_t *) firstfit;
hptr->magic = ALLOCMAGIC;
hptr->size = need;
return (void *) (hptr + 1);
}
// Print a report on the space starting at the given pointer. Return a pointer to
// the start of the next block of space.
void *reportAndGetNext(void *ptr) {
void *nextptr;
header_t *hptr = (header_t *) ptr;
// Check if the pointer is pointing to allocated space.
if (hptr->magic == ALLOCMAGIC) {
// Report the characteristics of the current block.
printf("%p is ALLOCATED starting at %p and is %zd bytes long.\n", hptr, (hptr + 1), hptr->size);
// Set the next pointer to be returned.
nextptr = hptr + hptr->size + sizeof(header_t);
} else {
// Cast the pointer as a free node. Set the next pointer to be returned.
node_t *free = (node_t *) ptr;
nextptr = free + free->size;
// Report the characteristics of the current block.
printf("%p is FREE for %zd bytes.\n", hptr, free->size);
}
return nextptr;
}
// Report on all blocks of space contained within the heap space, starting at the
// given pointer.
void report(void* startheap) {
void *ptr = startheap;
void *end = sbrk(0);
int count = 50;
printf("Current Status of Heap:\n");
while (ptr != NULL && count > 0) {
ptr = reportAndGetNext(ptr);
count = count - 1;
}
printf("Heap Length: %zd \n", (end - startheap));
}
int main(void) {
void *start = sbrk(4096);
assert(start >= 0);
head = (node_t *) start;
head->size = 4096;
head->next = NULL;
printf("Allocating block 1");
void *ptr1 = myMalloc(26);
void *ptr2 = myMalloc(126);
report(start);
myFree(ptr1);
myFree(ptr2);
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我看到的第一个明显的错误是指针指针异常。 SplitBlock尝试从块的开头拆分size个字节，但是当您这样做时：
void splitBlock(node_t *node, size_t size) {
// Create a new pointer at the end of the requested space.
void *newBlock = node + size;
您的newBlock指针实际上是该块中的size * sizof(node_t)个字节-可能已经超出了该块的末尾。如果需要字节偏移量，则需要先将node强制转换为char *，然后再进行指针算术运算。但是，您然后可能会遇到对齐问题...