我是Spring Boot的新手，正在尝试做一些测试。当我突然遇到问题时，过去3个小时我一直在努力解决...
我相信这里主要关注的是：
由以下原因导致：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException：创建名称为“ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration $ FlywayConfiguration”的bean时出错：通过构造函数实例化Bean失败；嵌套的异常是org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException：无法实例化[org.springframework.boot.auto.config.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration $ FlywayConfiguration $$ EnhancerBySpringCGLIB $$ 8cc0418d]：构造方法引发了异常；嵌套的异常是org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException：创建名称为'dataSource'的bean时出错：调用init方法失败；嵌套的异常是java.lang.IllegalStateException：无法用嵌入式数据库替换DataSource进行测试。如果您想要一个嵌入式数据库，请在类路径上放置一个受支持的数据库，或调整@AutoConfigureTestDatabase的replace属性
但同样如此，这是我的错误日志：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:44)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:114)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:57)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:66)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:51)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy1.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:109)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:146)
at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:128)
at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:404)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:63)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.StoppableExecutorImpl$1.run(StoppableExecutorImpl.java:46)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:55)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration$FlywayConfiguration': Bean instantiation via constructor failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration$FlywayConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$8cc0418d]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to replace DataSource with an embedded database for tests. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath or tune the replace attribute of @AutoConfigureTestDatabase.
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:282)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1267)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1124)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:535)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:495)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:372)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1247)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1096)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:535)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:495)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1089)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:859)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:780)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:412)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:333)
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:139)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
... 49 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration$FlywayConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$8cc0418d]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to replace DataSource with an embedded database for tests. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath or tune the replace attribute of @AutoConfigureTestDatabase.
at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:182)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:117)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:275)
... 77 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to replace DataSource with an embedded database for tests. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath or tune the replace attribute of @AutoConfigureTestDatabase.
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1699)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:573)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:495)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:251)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1135)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory$DependencyObjectProvider.getIfUnique(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1728)
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration$FlywayConfiguration.<init>(FlywayAutoConfiguration.java:126)
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration$FlywayConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$8cc0418d.<init>(<generated>)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:170)
... 79 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to replace DataSource with an embedded database for tests. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath or tune the replace attribute of @AutoConfigureTestDatabase.
at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:73)
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration$EmbeddedDataSourceFactory.getEmbeddedDatabase(TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration.java:195)
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration$EmbeddedDataSourceFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration.java:160)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1758)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1695)
... 95 more
PostgresJpaConfig.java
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"ch.company.stift.sola"})
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class PostgresJpaConfig {
@Autowired
private Environment env;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
final DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(env.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));
dataSource.setUrl(env.getProperty("jdbc.url"));
dataSource.setUsername(env.getProperty("jdbc.user"));
dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("jdbc.pass"));
return dataSource;
}
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
final LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean em = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
em.setDataSource(dataSource());
em.setPackagesToScan("ch.company.stift.sola.entities");
em.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
em.setJpaProperties(additionalProperties());
return em;
}
@Bean
JpaTransactionManager transactionManager(final EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
final JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory);
return transactionManager;
}
final Properties additionalProperties() {
final Properties hibernateProperties = new Properties();
hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", env.getProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"));
hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", env.getProperty("hibernate.dialect"));
hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", env.getProperty("hibernate.show_sql"));
return hibernateProperties;
}
}
我的测试类ParticipantRepositoryIntegrationTest.java：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class ParticipantRepositoryIntegrationTest {
@Autowired
private TestEntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private ParticipantRepository participantRepository;
@Test
public void whenFindByName_thenReturnParticipant() {
//given
TsolaParticipantEntity participant = new TsolaParticipantEntity(1, "foobar", "bar", "foo", "f", new Date
(2000 - 12 - 12), "street 12", "California", "foo.bar@bla.com");
entityManager.persist(participant);
entityManager.flush();
//when
TsolaParticipantEntity found = participantRepository.findByName(participant.getForename());
//then
Assert.assertEquals(found.getForename(), participant.getForename());
}
}
还有我的application.properties：
## Spring DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/postgres
spring.datasource.username=postgres
spring.datasource.password=postgres
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.postgresql.Driver
# The SQL dialect makes Hibernate generate better SQL for the chosen database
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.flyway.baseline-on-migrate=true
logging.file=log/logfile.log
# Properties
jdbc.driverClassName=org.postgresql.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/postgres
jdbc.user=postgres
jdbc.pass=postgres
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL82Dialect
hibernate.show_sql=true
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop
以防万一，我的build.gradle：
buildscript {
ext {
springBootVersion = '2.0.5.RELEASE'
repositoryBaseUrl = 'somebaseurl'
mavenRepositoryUrl = 'somerepo'
}
repositories {
maven {
url = mavenRepositoryUrl
}
}
dependencies {
classpath "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}"
classpath 'com.h2database:h2:1.4.191'
}
}
plugins {
id "org.flywaydb.flyway" version "5.1.4"
}
flyway {
url = 'jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/postgres'
user = 'postgres'
password = 'postgres'
}
flyway.locations = ['db.migration', 'testdata']
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'
group = 'ch.company.stift'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
repositories {
maven {
url = mavenRepositoryUrl
}
}
dependencies {
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
compile('org.flywaydb:flyway-core')
// https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-data-jpa', version: '2.0.5.RELEASE'
runtime('org.postgresql:postgresql')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}
答案 0 :(得分：2)
根据异常
Failed to replace DataSource with an embedded database for tests. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath or tune the replace attribute of @AutoConfigureTestDatabase.
首先在文件中添加此属性（请参见文档[https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/howto-database-initialization.html][Database初始化]
spring.datasource.platform=posgresql
此外，您应该删除Bean声明（与文件application.properties中声明的数据源重复，或为此特定Bean添加@Qualifier。
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
final DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(env.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));
dataSource.setUrl(env.getProperty("jdbc.url"));
dataSource.setUsername(env.getProperty("jdbc.user"));
dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("jdbc.pass"));
return dataSource;
}
另外，就我而言，我在带有IBM Db2数据源的springboot应用程序中使用flyway。我必须在 application.properties 中将明确地添加到该属性：
flyway.url=jdbc:db2://myserver:50000/mydbinstance
flyway.user=myuser
flyway.password=****