Question

我是编程新手，需要一些帮助。我有一个包含很多名称和爱好的文本文件，看起来像这样：

Jack：crafting

彼得：徒步旅行

Wendy：gaming

莫妮卡：网球

Chris：origami

苏菲：体育

Monica：design

重复了一些名字和爱好。我正在尝试使程序显示如下内容：

Jack：手工艺，电影，瑜伽

温迪：游戏，远足，运动

到目前为止，这是我的程序，但末尾的4行是错误的。

return Response.ok(makePDF.makePDFEjecutivo(idalle)).header("Content-Disposition", "inline; filename=" + pdfName + ".pdf").build();

Answer 1

您可以尝试类似的方法。在我试图向您展示如何以更“ Pythonic的方式”解决此问题时，我故意重写了此内容。至少要多使用一点语言。

例如，您可以在词典中创建数组以更直观地表示数据。这样便可以更轻松地按所需方式打印信息。

def create_dictionary(file):

    names = {} # create the dictionary to store your data

    # using with statement ensures the file is closed properly
    # even if there is an error thrown
    with open("hobbies_database.txt", "r") as file:

        # This reads the file one line at a time
        # using readlines() loads the whole file into memory in one go
        # This is far better for large data files that wont fit into memory
        for row in file:

            # strip() removes end of line characters and trailing white space
            # split returns an array [] which can be unpacked direct to single variables
            name, hobby = row.strip().split(":")

            # this checks to see if 'name' has been seen before
            # is there already an entry in the dictionary
            if name not in names:

                # if not, assign an empty array to the dictionary key 'name'
                names[name] = []

            # this adds the hobby seen in this line to the array
            names[name].append(hobby)

    # This iterates through all the keys in the dictionary
    for name in names:

        # using the string format function you can build up
        # the output string and print it to the screen

        # ",".join(array) will join all the elements of the array
        # into a single string and place a comma between each

        # set(array) creates a "list/array" of unique objects
        # this means that if a hobby is added twice you will only see it once in the set

        # names[name] is the list [] of hobby strings for that 'name'
        print("{0}: {1}\n".format(name, ", ".join(set(names[name]))))

希望这会有所帮助，也许还会为您指明更多Python概念的方向。如果您还没有完成入门教程，我肯定会推荐它。

Answer 2

在这种情况下，我将使用defaultdict。

import sys 
from collections import defaultdict


def create_dictionary(inputfile):
    d = defaultdict(list)
    for line in inputfile:
        name, hobby = line.split(':', 1)
        d[name].append(hobby.strip())
    return d


with open(sys.argv[1]) as fp: 
    for name, hobbies in create_dictionary(fp).items():
        print(name, ': ', sep='', end='')
        print(*hobbies, sep=', ')

您的示例给了我这个结果：

Sophie: sport
Chris: origami
Peter: hiking
Jack: crafting
Wendy: gaming
Monica: tennis, design

Answer 3

您可以尝试这个

data = map(lambda x:x.strip(), open('hobbies_database.txt'))
tmp = {}
for i in data:
    k,v = i.strip().split(':')
    if not tmp.get(k, []):
        tmp[k] = []
    tmp[k].append(v)
for k,v in tmp.iteritems():
    print k, ':', ','.join(v)

输出：

Monica : tennis,design
Jack : crafting
Wendy : gaming
Chris : origami
Sophie : sport
Peter : hiking

如何将文本文件（name1：hobby1 name2：hobby2）改成文本文件（name1：hobby1，hobby2 name2：hobby1，hobby2）？

3 个答案: