我尝试为2种方法运行单元测试。当我为JUnit
方法运行testRetrieveAllHotels_ServiceLayer()
测试成功时,但是当我尝试为JUnit
方法运行testRetrieveAllHotels_WebLayer()
测试时,出现此错误:java.lang.NullPointerException
这是代码:
package com.xxx.restfultesting.controller;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import java.util.Arrays;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.header;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import com.xxx.restfultesting.business.HotelBusinessService;
import com.xxx.restfultesting.model.Hotel;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(HotelController.class)
public class HotelControllerTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private HotelBusinessService businessService;
@Test
public void testRetrieveAllHotels_ServiceLayer(){
businessService.retrieveAllHotels();
verify(businessService, times(1)).retrieveAllHotels();
}
@Test
public void testRetrieveAllHotels_WebLayer(){
HotelController hotelController = new HotelController();
when(businessService.retrieveAllHotels()).thenReturn(
Arrays.asList(new Hotel(1, "Sofitel", 120, 20),
new Hotel(2, "Ibis", 50, 40),
new Item(3, "Marriot", 200, 15)));
hotelController.retrieveAllHotels();
verify(businessService, times(1)).retrieveAllHotels();
}
HotelController:
package com.xxx.restfultesting.controller;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.ServletUriComponentsBuilder;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponents;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;
import com.xxx.restfultesting.business.HotelBusinessService;
import com.xxx.restfultesting.model.Hotel;
@RestController
public class HotelController {
@Autowired
private HotelBusinessService businessService;
@GetMapping("/items")
public List<Hotel> retrieveAllHotels() {
System.out.println("Debugging 1");
List<Hotel> hotels = businessService.retrieveAllHotels();
return hotels;
}
HotelBusinessService:
package com.xxx.restfultesting.business;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.xxx.restfultesting.data.HotelRepository;
import com.xxx.restfultesting.model.Hotel;
@Component
public class HotelBusinessService {
@Autowired
private HotelRepository repository;
public List<Hotel> retrieveAllHotels() {
System.out.println("Debugging 2");
List<Hotel> hotels = repository.findAll();
return hotels;
}
}
我将System.out.println(“ Debugging 1”)放入Controller的retrieveAllHotels()方法中,并将System.out.println(“ Debugging 2”)放入Service的retrieveAllHotels()方法中。这些仅用于调试。当我运行JUnit测试 testRetrieveAllHotels_ServiceLayer()方法,它可以成功运行,但是在控制台中没有得到“ Debugging 2”。
当我为testRetrieveAllHotels_WebLayer()方法运行JUnit测试时,出现java.lang.NullPointerException错误,并且在控制台中出现“调试1”。我试图了解为什么在第一种情况下没有“ Debugging 2”,以及如何成功运行第二种方法。任何反馈将不胜感激!
答案 0 :(得分:1)
@WebMvcTest
-我想您正在尝试编写控制器测试,在该测试中您已自动连接MockMvc
并模拟了服务类。
在testRetrieveAllHotels_ServiceLayer
测试中,您试图调用模拟服务类中的方法,并验证是否已调用该方法。由于您已经在测试本身中调用了模拟,因此测试将成功。
在testRetrieveAllHotels_WebLayer
测试中,您已经创建了自己的控制器实例并使用了模拟服务。要解决此问题,您必须Autowire
在测试中的控制器或在类中使用基于构造函数的注入,然后将模拟传递给测试中的构造函数
那只会修复测试,但不是测试控制器的正确方法。要解决的问题:
testRetrieveAllHotels_ServiceLayer
测试。您可以删除此测试。 testRetrieveAllHotels_WebLayer
必须进行如下更新:
public void testRetrieveAllHotels_WebLayer(){
when(businessService.retrieveAllHotels()).thenReturn(
Arrays.asList(new Hotel(1, "Sofitel", 120, 20),
new Hotel(2, "Ibis", 50, 40),
new Item(3, "Marriot", 200, 15)));
mockMvc.perform(
get("/items"))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
verify(businessService, times(1)).retrieveAllHotels();
}