通过安装信号处理程序来关闭多线程应用程序

时间:2018-10-09 08:52:23

标签: c++ c++11 signals signal-handling

在下面的代码中,我创建一个玩具类,该玩具类具有一个写入队列的线程,而另一个线程从该队列读取并将其打印到stdout。现在,为了彻底关闭系统,我为SIGINT设置了一个处理程序。我期望信号处理程序设置std::atomic<bool>变量stopFlag,这将导致threadB将毒药(前哨)推入队列,遇到threadA停止。

class TestClass
{
public:

    TestClass();
    ~TestClass();
    void shutDown();

    TestClass(const TestClass&) = delete;
    TestClass& operator=(const TestClass&) = delete;


private:
    void init();
    void postResults();
    std::string getResult();
    void processResults();

    std::atomic<bool> stopFlag;

    std::mutex outQueueMutex;
    std::condition_variable outQueueConditionVariable;
    std::queue<std::string> outQueue;

    std::unique_ptr<std::thread> threadA;
    std::unique_ptr<std::thread> threadB;
};

void TestClass::init()
{
    threadA = std::make_unique<std::thread>(&TestClass::processResults, std::ref(*this));
    threadB = std::make_unique<std::thread>(&TestClass::postResults, std::ref(*this));
}

TestClass::TestClass():
    stopFlag(false)
{
    init();
}

TestClass::~TestClass()
{
    threadB->join();
}

void TestClass::postResults()
{
    while(true)
    {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2000));
        std::string name = "ABCDEF";
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(outQueueMutex);
            outQueue.push(name);
            outQueueConditionVariable.notify_one();
        }
        if(stopFlag)
        {
            /*For shutting down output thread*/
            auto poisonPill = std::string();
            {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(outQueueMutex);
                outQueue.push(poisonPill);
                outQueueConditionVariable.notify_one();
            }
            threadA->join();
            break;
        }
    }
}

void TestClass::shutDown()
{
    stopFlag = true;
}

std::string TestClass::getResult()
{
    std::string result;
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(outQueueMutex);
        while(outQueue.empty())
        {
            outQueueConditionVariable.wait(lock);
        }
        result= outQueue.front();
        outQueue.pop();
    }
    return result;
}

void TestClass::processResults()
{
    while(true)
    {
        const auto result = getResult();

        if(result.empty())
        {
            break;
        }

        std::cout << result << std::endl;

    }
}

static void sigIntHandler(std::shared_ptr<TestClass> t, int)
{
    t->shutDown();
}
static std::function<void(int)> handler;

int main()
{
    auto testClass = std::make_shared<TestClass>();
    handler = std::bind(sigIntHandler, testClass, std::placeholders::_1);
    std::signal(SIGINT, [](int n){ handler(n);});
    return 0;
}

我使用-std = c ++ 14标志使用gcc 5.2对此进行了编译。在CentOS 7计算机上按Ctrl-C时,出现以下错误,

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::system_error'
  what():  Invalid argument
Aborted (core dumped)

请帮助我了解发生了什么情况。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

在您的平台上,当真正的SIGINT信号到来时,将调用此信号处理程序。 The list of functions that can be invoked inside of this signal handler受限制,调用任何其他方法都会导致未定义的行为。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

发生的情况是您的main函数立即退出,先破坏了全局handler对象,然后破坏了testClass。然后,主线程在TestClass::~TestClass中被阻塞。信号处理程序最终访问已毁坏的对象,这导致不确定的行为。

根本原因是由于共享指针导致的对象所有权未定义-您不知道什么以及何时破坏对象。


一种更通用的方法是使用另一个线程来处理所有信号,并阻塞所有其他线程中的信号。然后,该信号处理线程可以在接收到信号后调用任何函数。

您在这里也完全不需要智能指针和函数包装器。

示例:

class TestClass
{
public:
    TestClass();
    ~TestClass();
    void shutDown();

    TestClass(const TestClass&) = delete;
    TestClass& operator=(const TestClass&) = delete;

private:
    void postResults();
    std::string getResult();
    void processResults();


    std::mutex outQueueMutex;
    std::condition_variable outQueueConditionVariable;
    std::queue<std::string> outQueue;
    bool stop = false;

    std::thread threadA;
    std::thread threadB;
};

TestClass::TestClass()
    : threadA(std::thread(&TestClass::processResults, this))
    , threadB(std::thread(&TestClass::postResults, this))
{}

TestClass::~TestClass() {
    threadA.join();
    threadB.join();
}

void TestClass::postResults() {
    while(true) {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2000));
        std::string name = "ABCDEF";
        {
            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(outQueueMutex);
            if(stop)
                return;
            outQueue.push(name);
            outQueueConditionVariable.notify_one();
        }
    }
}

void TestClass::shutDown() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(outQueueMutex);
    stop = true;
    outQueueConditionVariable.notify_one();
}

std::string TestClass::getResult() {
    std::string result;
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(outQueueMutex);
        while(!stop && outQueue.empty())
            outQueueConditionVariable.wait(lock);
        if(stop)
            return result;
        result= outQueue.front();
        outQueue.pop();
    }
    return result;
}

void TestClass::processResults()
{
    while(true) {
        const auto result = getResult();
        if(result.empty())
            break;
        std::cout << result << std::endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    // Block signals in all threads.
    sigset_t sigset;
    sigfillset(&sigset);
    ::pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigset, nullptr);

    TestClass testClass;

    std::thread signal_thread([&testClass]() {
        // Unblock signals in this thread only.
        sigset_t sigset;
        sigfillset(&sigset);
        int signo = ::sigwaitinfo(&sigset, nullptr);
        if(-1 == signo)
            std::abort();

        std::cout << "Received signal " << signo << '\n';
        testClass.shutDown();
    });

    signal_thread.join();
}