我想将IEnumerable<Task<T>>
转换为IObservable<T>
。我找到了对此here的解决方案:
IObservable<T> ToObservable<T>(IEnumerable<Task<T>> source)
{
return source.Select(t => t.ToObservable()).Merge();
}
在通常情况下完全可以,但是我需要处理异常,这可能会在Tasks中引发……因此IObservable<T>
不应在第一次异常后消失。
我读到的关于此用例的建议是使用一些包装程序,该包装程序将携带实际值或错误。所以我的尝试是
IObservable<Either<T, Exception>> ToObservable<T>(IEnumerable<Task<T>> source)
{
var subject = new Subject<Either<T, Exception>>();
foreach (var observable in GetIntsIEnumerable().Select(t => t.ToObservable()))
{
observable.Subscribe(i => subject.OnNext(i), e => subject.OnNext(e));
}
return subject;
}
从this article借来Either<T, Exception>
。
但这也不行,因为没有调用OnCompleted()
。我应该如何解决?我对Rx概念很陌生。
这里是测试的完整代码...
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Subjects;
using System.Reactive.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Test
{
class Program
{
static Task Main()
{
SemaphoreSlim signal = new SemaphoreSlim(0, 1);
//GetInts1().Subscribe(
// i => Console.WriteLine($"OK: {i}"),
// e => Console.WriteLine($"ERROR: {e.Message}"),
// () => signal.Release());
GetInts2().Subscribe(r => Console.WriteLine(r.Match(
i => $"OK: {i}",
e => $"ERROR: {e.Message}")),
() => signal.Release());
return signal.WaitAsync();
}
static IObservable<int> GetInts1()
{
return GetIntsIEnumerable().Select(t => t.ToObservable()).Merge();
}
static IObservable<Either<int, Exception>> GetInts2()
{
var subject = new Subject<Either<int, Exception>>();
foreach (var observable in GetIntsIEnumerable().Select(t => t.ToObservable()))
{
observable.Subscribe(i => subject.OnNext(i), e => subject.OnNext(e));
}
return subject;
}
static IEnumerable<Task<int>> GetIntsIEnumerable()
{
Random rnd = new Random();
foreach (int i in Enumerable.Range(1, 10))
{
yield return Task.Run(async () =>
{
await Task.Delay(rnd.Next(0, 5000));
if (i == 6)
throw new ArgumentException();
return i;
});
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Functional data data to represent a discriminated
/// union of two possible types.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TL">Type of "Left" item.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TR">Type of "Right" item.</typeparam>
public class Either<TL, TR>
{
private readonly TL left;
private readonly TR right;
private readonly bool isLeft;
public Either(TL left)
{
this.left = left;
this.isLeft = true;
}
public Either(TR right)
{
this.right = right;
this.isLeft = false;
}
public T Match<T>(Func<TL, T> leftFunc, Func<TR, T> rightFunc)
{
if (leftFunc == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(leftFunc));
}
if (rightFunc == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(rightFunc));
}
return this.isLeft ? leftFunc(this.left) : rightFunc(this.right);
}
/// <summary>
/// If right value is assigned, execute an action on it.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rightAction">Action to execute.</param>
public void DoRight(Action<TR> rightAction)
{
if (rightAction == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(rightAction));
}
if (!this.isLeft)
{
rightAction(this.right);
}
}
public TL LeftOrDefault() => this.Match(l => l, r => default);
public TR RightOrDefault() => this.Match(l => default, r => r);
public static implicit operator Either<TL, TR>(TL left) => new Either<TL, TR>(left);
public static implicit operator Either<TL, TR>(TR right) => new Either<TL, TR>(right);
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:4)
有一个内置的机制可以处理这样的错误。只需使用.Materialize()
运算符即可将IObservable<T>
更改为IObservable<Notification<T>>
,并允许将错误和补全视为正常值。
因此,例如,Observable.Return<int>(42)
产生一个值42
和一个补全,但是Observable.Return<int>(42).Materialize()
产生一个值Notification.CreateOnNext<int>(42)
,后跟一个值Notification.CreateOnCompleted<int>()
,然后正常完成。
如果序列中会产生错误,那么您可以有效地得到一个值Notification.CreateOnError<T>(exception)
,然后正常完成。
这一切都意味着您可以像这样更改代码:
IObservable<Notification<T>> ToObservable<T>(IEnumerable<Task<T>> source)
{
return source.Select(t => t.ToObservable().Materialize()).Merge();
}
根据我的喜好,您的测试代码有些复杂。您永远不需要使用SemaphoreSlim
或Subject
来使用它们。
我已经编写了自己的测试代码。
void Main()
{
var r = new Random();
IEnumerable<Task<int>> source =
Enumerable
.Range(0, 10).Select(x => Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
Thread.Sleep(r.Next(10000));
if (x % 3 == 0) throw new NotSupportedException($"Failed on {x}");
return x;
}));
IObservable<Notification<int>> query = source.ToObservable();
query
.Do(x =>
{
if (x.Kind == NotificationKind.OnError)
{
Console.WriteLine(x.Exception.Message);
}
})
.Where(x => x.Kind == NotificationKind.OnNext) // Only care about vales
.Select(x => x.Value)
.Subscribe(x => Console.WriteLine(x), () => Console.WriteLine("Done."));
}
public static class Ex
{
public static IObservable<Notification<T>> ToObservable<T>(this IEnumerable<Task<T>> source)
{
return source.Select(t => t.ToObservable().Materialize()).Merge();
}
}
该代码的典型运行会产生:
Failed on 3 2 5 4 Failed on 0 Failed on 9 Failed on 6 7 1 8 Done.
答案 1 :(得分:0)
Rx库包含一个Merge
重载,该重载可直接有效地合并任务,而不是将每个任务转换为中间可丢弃的可观察序列:
// Merges results from all source tasks into a single observable sequence.
public static IObservable<TSource> Merge<TSource>(
this IObservable<Task<TSource>> sources);
您可以使用此运算符来实现ToObservable
方法,如下所示:
IObservable<Either<T, Exception>> ToObservable<T>(IEnumerable<Task<T>> source)
{
return source
.Select(async task =>
{
try { return new Either<T, Exception>(await task); }
catch (Exception ex) { return new Either<T, Exception>(ex); }
})
.ToObservable()
.Merge();
}
您可以将ToObservable
运算符放在Select
运算符之前或之后,这没有什么区别。
此外,还有一个包含Try类型的简约库(由Stephen Cleary使用的Try<T>
),其功能与Either
类型相似,但专门用于Exception
作为第二种类型(作为Either<T, Exception>
)。使用该库,您可以像这样实现ToObservable
方法:
IObservable<Try<T>> ToObservable<T>(IEnumerable<Task<T>> source)
{
return source
.Select(task => Try.Create(() => task))
.ToObservable()
.Merge();
}
这是Try.Create
方法的定义:
// Executes the specified function, and wraps either the result or the exception.
public static Task<Try<T>> Create<T>(Func<Task<T>> func);