这是一个简短的Scala程序,它通过生成一堆随机数来计算欧拉数的近似值:
package example
import scala.util.Random
object ApproxE extends App {
def calc = {
var S = 0.0
for {i <- 1 to 100000000} {
var x = 0.0
var t = 0
while (x <= 1.0) {
x += Random.nextDouble
t += 1
}
S += t
}
S / 100000000
}
val st = System.currentTimeMillis()
val e = calc
val ed = System.currentTimeMillis()
println(e)
println(ed - st)
}
在笔记本电脑上运行,它可以在大约7秒钟内完成计算。
以下是两个等效的Clojure函数。开启会在48秒内返回,另一个会在230秒内返回。
是否可以用纯Clojure编写具有与Java或Scala相同的性能的等效程序?
48s:
(defn calc []
(loop [i (int 0)
S (double 0.0)]
(if (= i 100000000)
(/ S 100000000)
(let [rs (repeatedly rand)
ps (reductions + rs)
<=1 #(<= % 1)]
(->> ps
(take-while <=1)
(count)
(inc)
(+ S)
(recur (inc i)))))))
230s:
(defn calc2 []
(with-local-vars [S 0.0]
(dotimes [i 100000000]
(with-local-vars [x (double 0)
t (int 0)]
(while (<= @x 1)
(var-set x (+ @x (rand)))
(var-set t (inc @t)))
(var-set S (+ @S @t))))
(/ @S 100000000)))
答案 0 :(得分:7)
由于分配,惰性数据结构和局部var都会增加开销(尽管您仍然可以通过将x
和t
的分配移出循环来使带有var的变体更快),名称解析(对于vars)和方法调用。
Scala代码的逐字翻译将使用本地绑定(使用let
和loop
),这些绑定等效于Java的本地变量:
(defn calc-loops []
(loop [i (int 0)
S (double 0.0)]
(if (= i 100000000)
(/ S 100000000)
(recur
(inc i)
(loop [t 0 x 0.0]
(if (<= x 1.0)
(recur (inc t) (+ x (rand)))
(+ S t)))))))
(time (calc)) ;; => "Elapsed time: 56255.692677 msecs"
(time (calc-loops)) ;; => "Elapsed time: 8800.746127 msecs"