Question

我正在尝试在Mac（El Capitan）的Mac上使用virtualenv，但由于它不再起作用，最近必须有所更改，并且抱怨SSL问题。

这是我在大约9个月内第一次使用此项目，在那个时候，我的系统上没有更改任何有关Python的内容。

为了使它正常工作，在过去大约一天的时间里，我卸载了virtualenv，手动删除了一些文件（我在GitHub问题中找到了这些说明，但是我再也找不到它们来提供链接，但是，如果我没记错的话，那只是删除与virtualenv相关的损坏的符号链接和目录），然后通过Brew卸载Python，这给我留下了一个没有Python，pip或virtualenv库或可执行文件的系统。

然后我运行brew install python2来安装Python。然后我运行了pip install virtualenv，它给了我与以前相同的SSL错误。我从尝试从中下载URL的URL手动下载了virtualenv，然后使用下载的文件在本地pip安装了它。这工作了。但是，当我随后运行virtualenv venv时，仍然出现相同的SSL错误。

我看到了各种问题，从下载DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.pem到通过--cert选项使用，到创建带有trusted-host=files.pythonhosted.org的pip.ini文件，然后使用--trusted-host选项，使用不是我公司的公司网络的其他网络，但是到目前为止，对我来说都无效。

每当我尝试点安装任何东西，或者在此特定示例中，创建一个新的virtualenv时，我始终会遇到以下SSL错误：

New python executable in /Users/apl/Projects/fdm/FDM-fordele/venv/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in /Users/apl/Projects/fdm/FDM-fordele/venv/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
  Complete output from command /Users/apl/Projects/...e/venv/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pip wheel:
  Looking in links: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages, /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support, /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support
Collecting setuptools
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0a895c9402cc904c260a26007e7f555cbe499270f445_8d79d41f_
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0a895c9402cc904c260a26007e7f555cbe499270f445_8d79d41f_
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0a895c9402cc904c260a26007e7f555cbe499270f445_8d79d41f_
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0a895c9402cc904c260a26007e7f555cbe499270f445_8d79d41f_
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0a895c9402cc904c260a26007e7f555cbe499270f445_8d79d41f_
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org.x.0a895c9402cc904c260a26007e7f555cbe49.9270f445.id.opendns.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/06/c8ee69628191285ddddffb277bd5abdf769166e7a14b867c2a172f0175b1/setuptools-40.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0a895c9402cc904c260a26007e7f555cbe499270f445_8d79d41f_ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),))

还有其他方法可以使它工作吗？由于该错误，无法部署该项目（使用名为ansistrano的Ansible角色）。

编辑：

我刚刚尝试再次卸载/删除Virtualenv，Pip和Python，重新安装Python，然后使用https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py手动安装pip，这样可以：

Collecting pip
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/25/e52d3f31441505a5f3af41213346e5b6c221c9e086a166f3703d2ddaf940/pip-18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0cf307740aff804587084980d2ecedab4cc89270f445_80300092_
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/25/e52d3f31441505a5f3af41213346e5b6c221c9e086a166f3703d2ddaf940/pip-18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0cf307740aff804587084980d2ecedab4cc89270f445_80300092_
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/25/e52d3f31441505a5f3af41213346e5b6c221c9e086a166f3703d2ddaf940/pip-18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0cf307740aff804587084980d2ecedab4cc89270f445_80300092_
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/25/e52d3f31441505a5f3af41213346e5b6c221c9e086a166f3703d2ddaf940/pip-18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0cf307740aff804587084980d2ecedab4cc89270f445_80300092_
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),)': /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/25/e52d3f31441505a5f3af41213346e5b6c221c9e086a166f3703d2ddaf940/pip-18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0cf307740aff804587084980d2ecedab4cc89270f445_80300092_
Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org.x.0cf307740aff804587084980d2ecedab4cc8.9270f445.id.opendns.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /s/files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/25/e52d3f31441505a5f3af41213346e5b6c221c9e086a166f3703d2ddaf940/pip-18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl?X-OpenDNS-Session=_0cf307740aff804587084980d2ecedab4cc89270f445_80300092_ (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:726)'),))

Answer 1

事实证明，这是因为我工作的公司使用Cisco的Umbrella DNS安全系统，该系统将自己插入所有DNS请求中。显然，即使我可以成功地使用curl手动下载文件，这也会破坏Python中的SSL。

通过添加

select CustomerID, min(date) as date_1,
       ( array_agg(date order by date) )[2] as date_2
from t
group by CustomerID;

在我的主机文件中，我能够获得一个表现完全符合预期的系统。希望这对将来也会被迫通过雨伞的其他人有所帮助。

由于SSL错误而无法使virtualenv工作

1 个答案: