Question

我需要解决这个学校习题，但是我不知道怎么做。这是文本：

我需要制作一个程序，该程序通过hint（）对话框从用户那里获取信息。用户需要输入的信息是他的姓名和性别（例如Marc，m）。基于该信息，程序需要在alert（）对话框中写入（已给定）列表中的形容词，这些形容词的名称与名称中的字母相同。

例如：用户的名字是Marc，而他的性别是男性。程序需要使用男性列表中的形容词（对于男性和女性，有两个带有形容词的列表），并在警告对话框中这样写它们：

疯了

准确

推理

计算性

如果您垂直阅读他们的第一个字母，他们会说MARC。

我对男性和女性的所有字母都有形容词。请记住，变量名和形容词是我的母语（塞尔维亚语），但这不应该是问题，您会明白这一点，并且我将在注释中解释代码。

var pridevi = {
  m: ["atraktivan", "blesav", "ciničan", "čudan", "ćopav", "duhovit", "džangrizav", "đavolast", "elokventan", "fantastičan", "grozan", "halapljiv", "imućan", "jak", "katastrofalan", "lep", "ljubazan", "mudar", "naivan", "njanjav", "otporan", "posesivan", "razigran", "smešan", "šaljiv", "tolerantan", "uobražen", "veseo", "zabrinut", "žut"],
  z: ["atraktivna", "blesava", "cinična", "čudna", "ćopava", "duhovita", "džangrizava", "đavolasta", "elokventna", "fantastična", "grozna", "halapljiva", "imućna", "jaka", "katastrofalna", "lepa", "ljubazna", "mudra",  "naivna", "njanjava", "otporna", "posesivna", "razigrana", "smešna", "šaljiva", "tolerantna", "uobražena", "vesela", "zabrinuta", "žuta"],
} // I stored adjectives in object where property m: stands for male and property f: stands for female adjectives

var unos = prompt("Upišite ime i pol. Npr. Mirko, m"); // prompt format

var ime = unos.toLowerCase().split(", ").shift(); // in this variable I stored name
var pol = unos.toLowerCase().split(", ").pop(); // in this variable I stored sex

// console.log(ime + " " + pol) > mirko m

if (unos === null) {
  alert("Korisnik je odustao."); // if user clicks cancel, this message shows in alert dialog
}
else if (unos === undefined && ime < 0 && pol < 0) {
  alert("Nisu uneseni ispravni podaci."); // if user doesn't write the data in correct form, this message shows in alert dialog
}
else {
  var odgovor = pridevi[pol].find(opis => ime[0] === opis[0]); // here's the main thing that doesn't work as it should. it only shows the adjective of the first letter of the name, but not all of them
  alert(odgovor);
}

Answer 1

此答案依赖于模式匹配，它非常脆弱，因为如果有人不遵循定义的格式，它将无法正常工作。一些注意事项：

将形容词组移动到保持对象中，因为访问动态属性非常简单，并且需要较少的if / else链接才能到达正确的数组组。
定义了一些实用程序箭头功能。如果不熟悉，请使用标准功能随意尝试，如下所示：
- function notEmpty(val) { return (val !== undefined && val !== null && val.length > 0); }
使用Array.prototype.map使用回调重新格式化结果数组
使用数组解构语法，您可以通过在获取映射结果（const name = mappedArray[0]）后定义那些变量来替换它。
在JS中，您无需在访问字符串的索引之前就将其拆分，因此'string'[0]将为您提供''，这在Array.prototype.find回调函数中很有用

// adjective group
const adjectives = {
  f: ["accurate", "bodybuilder", "calculative", "decisive" ],
  m: ["abstract", "beautiful", "capable", "delightful" ],
}

// utility function to check that a value exists and isn't empty
const notEmpty = val => (val !== undefined && val !== null && val.length > 0);

// prompt response holder (define a format)
const question = prompt("Write your given name and sex (format: Marc, m.)");

// function to format each entry in the response 
// /\W/g is a regex for stripping non alphanumeric 
const formatEntries = val => val.replace(/\W/g, '').toLowerCase();

// use format to split and handle your response
const [name, adjectiveGroup] = question.split(", ", 2)
  .map(formatEntries)

// if both variables are set then try and find matching adjective
if (notEmpty(name) && notEmpty(adjectiveGroup)) {
    const answer = adjectives[adjectiveGroup].find(adj => name[0] === adj[0])  
  
    console.log(answer);
}

Answer 2

经过几天的尝试，我终于设法解决了这个问题。我不得不说，@ D Lowther仅用几行就帮助了我，例如，将男性和女性形容词存储在一个对象中而不是两个数组中，并以这种方式var [name, adjectiveGroup] = question.split(", ", 2)从提示符中分离出条目。这些真的很有用。

您可以通过单击“运行”立即检查程序。

// in this object I stored all the adjectives, both male and female, because on my language they are various depending on the sex
var pridevi = {
  m: ["атрактиван", "блесав", "циничан", "чудан", "ћопав", "духовит", "џангризав", "ђаволаст", "елоквентан", "фантастичан", "грозан", "халапљив", "имућан", "јак", "катастрофалан", "леп", "љубазан", "мудар", "наиван", "њањав", "отпоран", "посесиван", "разигран", "смешан", "шаљив", "толерантан", "уображен", "весео", "забринут", "жут"],
  z: ["атрактивна", "блесава", "цинична", "чудна", "ћопава", "духовита", "џангризава", "ђаволаста", "елоквентна", "фантастична", "грозна", "халапљива", "имућна", "јака", "катастрофална", "лепа", "љубазна", "мудра",  "наивна", "њањава", "отпорна", "посесивна", "разиграна", "смешна", "шаљива", "толерантна", "уображена", "весела", "забринута", "жута"]
}

// prompt form
var unos = prompt("Упишите име и пол. Нпр. Мирко, м.");

// here I separated the prompt entry into array of two values: name and sex
var [ime, pol] = unos.toLowerCase().split(", ", 2);

// here I stored my native language because that language is required in prompt entry
var cirilica = /[\u0400-\u04FF]/;

// here I later stored the final array
var ispis = [];

// I made a function that converts the first letter of all values in array to uppercase
function velikoSlovo(a) {
  for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
    a[i] = a[i][0].toUpperCase() + a[i].substr(1);
  }
  return a.join("\n");
}

// if user clicks Cancel, the notification in alert window shows up
if (unos === null) {
  alert("Корисник је одустао.");
}

// here I tested various things: if the prompt entry is empty || if there's either name or sex missing || if it's not on my native language - the notification in alert window shows up
else if (unos.trim() === "" || (unos.split(", ").length < 2) || cirilica.test(unos) === false) {
  alert("Нису унесени исправни подаци.");
}

// if there are other values for sex instead of "m/f" (male/female), the notification in alert window shows up
else if ((unos.split(", ", 2)[1] !== "м") && (unos.split(", ", 2)[1] !== "ж")) {
  alert("Нису унесени исправни подаци.");  
}

// if prompt entry is correct (eg. Marc, m), I tested if the sex is male "м" or female "ж". Based on that, I used loop to compare the first letter of all the adjectives in array with all the letters of the name and then stored all the adjectives that match in the final array that I initialized before. Finally, I showed the final result in alert window and used the function to capitalize each word in string
else {
  if (pol === "м") {
    for (var i = 0; i < ime.length; i++) {
      for (var e = 0; e < pridevi.m.length; e++) {
        if (ime.charAt(i) === pridevi.m[e].charAt(0)) {
          ispis.push(pridevi.m[e]);
        }
      }
    }
    alert(velikoSlovo(ispis));
  }  
  
  else if (pol === "ж") {
    for (var i = 0; i < ime.length; i++) {
      for (var e = 0; e < pridevi.z.length; e++) {
        if (ime.charAt(i) === pridevi.z[e].charAt(0)) {
          ispis.push(pridevi.z[e]);
        }
      }
    }
    alert(velikoSlovo(ispis));  
  }     
}

JavaScript学校练习-提示和数组

2 个答案: