我仍然在两个星期内遇到同样的问题，不知道自己该怎么办。我目前正在编写一个vulkan渲染器，该渲染器仅应绘制一个三角形，但我不知道为什么vkCreateGraphicsPipelines每次都会抛出相同的异常。如果它有助于我遵循以下两个教程：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzVFHEmnRLg&list=PL58qjcU5nk8uH9mmlASm4SFy1yuPzDAH0和https://vulkan-tutorial.com/
// RenderingEngine.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
//#include "vulkan\vulkan.h"
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW\glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#define ASSERT_VK(val)\
if(val != VK_SUCCESS){\
std::cerr << val;\
__debugbreak();\
}
VkInstance instance;
VkSurfaceKHR surface;
VkDevice device;
VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
uint32_t amountImagesInSwapchain = 0;
VkImageView *imageViews;
GLFWwindow *window;
VkShaderModule shaderModuleVert, shaderModuleFrag;
VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
VkRenderPass renderPass;
VkPipeline pipeline;
const uint32_t WIDTH = 1600;
const uint32_t HEIGHT = 900;
const std::vector<const char*> enabledValidationLayers = {
"VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation"
};
std::vector<const char*> enabledExtensions = {
VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME
};
const VkFormat usedFormat = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT callback;
static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(
VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType,
const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData,
void * pUserData) {
if (messageSeverity > VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT) {
std::cerr << "Validationlayer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
}
return VK_FALSE;
}
VkResult createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo,
const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT *pCallback) {
auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func) {
return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pCallback);
}
else {
return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
}
}
void destroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT callback,
const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func) {
func(instance, callback, pAllocator);
}
}
std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string &filename) {
std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
if (!file) {
std::cerr << "Could not open shader!" << std::endl;
throw std::runtime_error("Could not open shaderfile!");
}
size_t size = (size_t) file.tellg();
std::vector<char> fileBuffer(size);
file.seekg(0);
file.read(fileBuffer.data(), size);
file.close();
return fileBuffer;
}
void startGLFW() {
glfwInit(); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);
window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Tech Demo", nullptr, nullptr);
}
void createShaderModule(const std::vector<char> &code, VkShaderModule* shaderModule) {
VkShaderModuleCreateInfo shaderModuleCreateInfo;
shaderModuleCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
shaderModuleCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
shaderModuleCreateInfo.flags = 0;
shaderModuleCreateInfo.codeSize = code.size();
shaderModuleCreateInfo.pCode = (uint32_t*)code.data();
ASSERT_VK(vkCreateShaderModule(device, &shaderModuleCreateInfo, nullptr, shaderModule));
}
void startVulkan() {
VkApplicationInfo appInfo;
appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
appInfo.pNext = nullptr;
appInfo.pApplicationName = "RenderingEngine";
appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(0, 0, 0);
appInfo.pEngineName = "RenderingEngine";
appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(0, 0, 0);
appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_1;
uint32_t layerAmount = 0;
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerAmount, nullptr);
VkLayerProperties *layers = new VkLayerProperties[layerAmount];
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerAmount, layers);
std::cout << "Amount of layers: " << layerAmount << std::endl;
for (int i = 0; i < layerAmount; i++) {
std::cout << "Name: " << layers[i].layerName << std::endl
<< "Description: " << layers[i].description << std::endl << std::endl;
}
uint32_t extensionAmount = 0;
vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionAmount, nullptr);
VkExtensionProperties *extensions = new VkExtensionProperties[extensionAmount];
vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionAmount, extensions);
std::cout << std::endl
<< "Amount of Extension: " << extensionAmount << std::endl;
for (int i = 0; i < extensionAmount; i++) {
std::cout << "Name: " << extensions[i].extensionName << std::endl;
}
//TODO: Improve adding
uint32_t amountGLFWExtensions = 0;
const char** glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&amountGLFWExtensions);
for (int i = 0; i < amountGLFWExtensions; i++) {
enabledExtensions.push_back(glfwExtensions[i]);
}
VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceInfo;
instanceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
instanceInfo.pNext = nullptr;
instanceInfo.flags = 0;
instanceInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
instanceInfo.enabledLayerCount = enabledValidationLayers.size();
instanceInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = enabledValidationLayers.data();
instanceInfo.enabledExtensionCount = enabledExtensions.size();
instanceInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = enabledExtensions.data();
std::cout << &instanceInfo << " " << &instance;
ASSERT_VK(vkCreateInstance(&instanceInfo, nullptr, &instance));
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo;
debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.flags = 0;
debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT |
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT |
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo.pUserData = nullptr;
ASSERT_VK(createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfo, nullptr, &callback ));
ASSERT_VK(glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface))
vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "");
uint32_t numberPhysDevices = 0;
ASSERT_VK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &numberPhysDevices, nullptr));
VkPhysicalDevice* physDevices = new VkPhysicalDevice[numberPhysDevices];
ASSERT_VK(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &numberPhysDevices, physDevices));
for (int i = 0; i < numberPhysDevices; i++) {
printStats(physDevices[i]);
}
float queuePrios[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo devQueueCreateInfo;
devQueueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
devQueueCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
devQueueCreateInfo.flags = 0;
//TODO: Choose Familiy Index based on fitting properties
devQueueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = 0;
devQueueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
devQueueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = queuePrios;
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures enabledFeatures = {};
VkDeviceCreateInfo devCreateInfo;
const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
// VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME
};
devCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
devCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
devCreateInfo.flags = 0;
devCreateInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
devCreateInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &devQueueCreateInfo;
devCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
devCreateInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr;
devCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = deviceExtensions.size();
devCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
devCreateInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &enabledFeatures;
//TODO: Pick best suitable device instead of first one
ASSERT_VK(vkCreateDevice(physDevices[0], &devCreateInfo, nullptr, &device));
VkQueue dQueue;
vkGetDeviceQueue(device, 0, 0, &dQueue);
VkBool32 surfaceSupport = false;
ASSERT_VK(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physDevices[0], 0, surface, &surfaceSupport));
if (!surfaceSupport) {
std::cerr << "Surface not supported!" << std::endl;
}
VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchainCreateInfo;
swapchainCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
swapchainCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
swapchainCreateInfo.flags = 0;
swapchainCreateInfo.surface = surface;
swapchainCreateInfo.minImageCount = 3; //TODO: Check validity
swapchainCreateInfo.imageFormat = usedFormat;
swapchainCreateInfo.imageColorSpace = VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR;
swapchainCreateInfo.imageExtent = VkExtent2D{ WIDTH, HEIGHT};
swapchainCreateInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
swapchainCreateInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
swapchainCreateInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
swapchainCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
swapchainCreateInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;
swapchainCreateInfo.preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
swapchainCreateInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
swapchainCreateInfo.presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
swapchainCreateInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
swapchainCreateInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
ASSERT_VK(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &swapchainCreateInfo, nullptr, &swapchain));
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &amountImagesInSwapchain, nullptr);
VkImage *swapchainImages = new VkImage[amountImagesInSwapchain];
ASSERT_VK(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &amountImagesInSwapchain, swapchainImages));
imageViews = new VkImageView[amountImagesInSwapchain];
for (int i = 0; i < amountImagesInSwapchain; i++) {
VkImageViewCreateInfo imageViewCreateInfo;
imageViewCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
imageViewCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
imageViewCreateInfo.flags = 0;
imageViewCreateInfo.image = swapchainImages[i];
imageViewCreateInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
imageViewCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
imageViewCreateInfo.components = VkComponentMapping{ VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY };
imageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
imageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
imageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
imageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
imageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
ASSERT_VK(vkCreateImageView(device, &imageViewCreateInfo, nullptr, &imageViews[i]));
}
std::vector<char> shaderCodeVert = readFile("vert.spv");
std::vector<char> shaderCodeFrag = readFile("frag.spv");
createShaderModule(shaderCodeVert, &shaderModuleVert);
createShaderModule(shaderCodeFrag, &shaderModuleFrag);
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert.flags = 0;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert.module = shaderModuleVert;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert.pName = "main";
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag.flags = 0;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag.module = shaderModuleVert;
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag.pName = "main";
pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag.pSpecializationInfo = nullptr;
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo stages[] = { pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoVert, pipelineShaderStageCreateInfoFrag };
VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputStateCreateInfo;
vertexInputStateCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
vertexInputStateCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
vertexInputStateCreateInfo.flags = 0;
vertexInputStateCreateInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0;
vertexInputStateCreateInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr;
vertexInputStateCreateInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0;
vertexInputStateCreateInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr;
VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo;
pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo.flags = 0;
pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkViewport viewPort;
viewPort.x = 0.0f;
viewPort.y = 0.0f;
viewPort.width = WIDTH;
viewPort.height = HEIGHT;
viewPort.minDepth = 0.0f;
viewPort.maxDepth = 1.0f;
VkRect2D scissor;
scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
scissor.extent = { WIDTH, HEIGHT };
VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo;
pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.flags = 0;
pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.viewportCount = 1;
pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.pViewports = &viewPort;
pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.scissorCount = 1;
pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.pScissors = &scissor;
VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.flags = 0;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f;
pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo.lineWidth = 1.0f;
VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.flags = 0;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.minSampleShading = 1.0f;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.pSampleMask = nullptr;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE;
pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.blendEnable = VK_TRUE;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.flags = 0;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.pAttachments = &pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutCreateInfo;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.flags = 0;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.setLayoutCount = 0;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.pSetLayouts = nullptr;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 0;
pipelineLayoutCreateInfo.pPushConstantRanges = nullptr;
ASSERT_VK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
VkAttachmentDescription attachmentDescription;
attachmentDescription.flags = 0;
attachmentDescription.format = usedFormat;
attachmentDescription.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
attachmentDescription.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
attachmentDescription.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
attachmentDescription.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
attachmentDescription.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
attachmentDescription.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
attachmentDescription.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
VkAttachmentReference attachmentReference;
attachmentReference.attachment = 0;
attachmentReference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkSubpassDescription subpassDescription;
subpassDescription.flags = 0;
subpassDescription.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
subpassDescription.inputAttachmentCount = 0;
subpassDescription.pInputAttachments = nullptr;
subpassDescription.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
subpassDescription.pColorAttachments = &attachmentReference;
subpassDescription.pResolveAttachments = nullptr;
subpassDescription.pDepthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
subpassDescription.preserveAttachmentCount = 0;
subpassDescription.pPreserveAttachments = nullptr;
VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassCreateInfo;
renderPassCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
renderPassCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
renderPassCreateInfo.flags = 0;
renderPassCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
renderPassCreateInfo.pAttachments = &attachmentDescription;
renderPassCreateInfo.subpassCount = 1;
renderPassCreateInfo.pSubpasses = &subpassDescription;
renderPassCreateInfo.dependencyCount = 0;
renderPassCreateInfo.pDependencies = nullptr;
ASSERT_VK(vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassCreateInfo, nullptr, &renderPass));
VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
pipelineCreateInfo.flags = 0;
pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = 2;
pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = stages;
pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputStateCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.pTessellationState = nullptr;
pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = nullptr;
pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo;
pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr;
pipelineCreateInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
pipelineCreateInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
pipelineCreateInfo.subpass = 0;
pipelineCreateInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
pipelineCreateInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1;
std::cout << &pipelineCreateInfo << ", " << &pipeline;
ASSERT_VK(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipeline));
delete[] swapchainImages;
delete[] layers;
delete[] extensions;
delete[] physDevices;
}
void gameloop() {
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
glfwPollEvents();
}
}
void shutdownGLFW() {
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
}
void shutdownVulkan() {
vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipeline, nullptr);
vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
for (int i = 0; i < amountImagesInSwapchain; i++) {
vkDestroyImageView(device, imageViews[i], nullptr);
}
delete[] imageViews;
vkDestroyShaderModule(device, shaderModuleVert, nullptr);
vkDestroyShaderModule(device, shaderModuleFrag, nullptr);
vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapchain, nullptr);
vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
destroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, callback, nullptr);
vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
}
int main() {
startGLFW();
startVulkan();
gameloop();
shutdownVulkan();
shutdownGLFW();
return 0;
}
该函数可以在第549行中找到，我怀疑为什么会这样，因为这是我唯一做的与第一部视频教程不同的事情。 这个着色器只是应该返回硬编码的位置，但是我启用了第二个扩展名，只是因为main中的唯一命令要求我启用它。这是与本教程最初所做的唯一区别。我试图找出这些着色器扩展的含义，但是我无法得到任何答案。可能还有其他原因，但是我非常确定它的着色器。我希望有一个人可以帮助我。
#version 450
#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects : enable
#extension GL_KHR_vulkan_glsl : enable
out gl_PerVertex{
vec4 gl_Position;
};
vec2 positions[3] = vec2[](
vec2(0.0, -0.5),
vec2(0.5, 0.5),
vec2(-0.5, 0.5)
);
void main(){
gl_Position = vec4(positions[gl_VertexIndex], 0.0, 1.0);
}