Question

在cache2k用户指南中，§2.3. Cache Aside包含一个代码示例和有关缓存备用的语句。

Cache<String, String> routeToAirline = new Cache2kBuilder<String, String>() {}
  .name("routeToAirline")
  .build();

private String findFavoriteAirline(String origin, String destination) {
  // expensive operation to find the best airline for this route
  // for example, ask all friends...
}

public String lookupFavoirteAirline(String origin, String destination) {
  String route = origin + "-" + destination;
  String airline = routeToAirline.peek(route);
  if (airline == null) {
    airline = findFavoriteAirline(origin, destination);
    routeToAirline.put(route, airline);
  }
  return airline;
}

以上模式称为“暂存高速缓存”。

我就像“太好了...。我喜欢Cache Aside模式”。因此，我尝试使用泛型而不是对（值）类型进行硬编码来实现。

我使用泛型想出了这一点。然后注入“获取”项目的方法（供应商）。完全可重用的代码！

package mypackage;

import java.util.function.Supplier;

import org.cache2k.Cache;
import org.cache2k.Cache2kBuilder;

//import mypackage.interfaces.IGenericCacheAside;

public class Cache2kGenericCacheAside<TEntity> ////implements IGenericCacheAside<TEntity> {

    public final String CacheKeyPrefix = "GenericCacheAsidePrefix";

    private volatile Cache<String, TEntity> theCache = null; /* static not allowed for TEntity */

    public TEntity GetCacheAsideItem(String uniqueIdentifier, long itemLifeMiliseconds,
            final Supplier<TEntity> valueFactory) {
        this.initiateCacheObject();
        String cacheKey = this.GetFullCacheKey(uniqueIdentifier);
        TEntity cachedOrFreshItem = this.GetFromCache(cacheKey, itemLifeMiliseconds, valueFactory);
        return cachedOrFreshItem;
    }

    public TEntity RemoveCacheAsideItem(String uniqueIdentifier) {
        TEntity removedItem = null;
        String cacheKey = this.GetFullCacheKey(uniqueIdentifier);
        if (this.theCache.containsKey(uniqueIdentifier)) {
            removedItem = this.theCache.peekAndRemove(cacheKey);
        }
        return removedItem;
    }

    private void initiateCacheObject(/* long duration, TimeUnit tu, long capacity */) {
        if (null == this.theCache) {

            theCache = new Cache2kBuilder<String, TEntity>() {
            }.name("myCache").eternal(true).build();

        }
    }



    private TEntity GetFromCache(String cacheKey, long millis, final Supplier<TEntity> valueFactory) {
        TEntity cachedOrFreshItem = theCache.peek(cacheKey);
        if (cachedOrFreshItem == null) {
            cachedOrFreshItem = valueFactory.get();
            theCache.put(cacheKey, cachedOrFreshItem);
            theCache.expireAt(cacheKey, millis);
        }

        return cachedOrFreshItem;
    }

    private String GetFullCacheKey(String uniqueIdentifier) {
        String returnValue = CacheKeyPrefix + uniqueIdentifier;
        return returnValue;
    }
}

我收到运行时错误：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：运行时类型不是可用，得到：TEntity

我想我可能偶然进入了type erasure这个以前未知的世界。

有什么方法可以实现此Generic-CacheAside代码？这种隐藏的宝石（擦除）是可怕的。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.cache2k</groupId>
    <artifactId>cache2k-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.0.Final</version>
</dependency>

APPEND：

这里是一个例子。基本上，任何时候我都需要缓存不受参数检索驱动的“某些东西”。在下面的示例中，我正在缓存SystemSetting。没有参数可以驱动检索。

private static int NewedUpCounter = 0;
private static int CurrentRunCacheReads = 0;

private static void RunCacheAsideStuff() {

    /* example ONLY. use construction-injection for "real" code */
    ////IGenericCacheAside<Collection<SystemSetting>> igca = new Cache2kGenericCacheAside<Collection<SystemSetting>>();
    /* or */
    Cache2kGenericCacheAside<Collection<SystemSetting>> igca = new Cache2kGenericCacheAside<Collection<SystemSetting>>();

    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {

        /* in the below, it shows how the "time to keep in the cache" might change over time */
        int cacheMilliseconds = 2500 + (500 * i);
        System.out.println(String.format("        cacheMilliseconds=%1s",
                cacheMilliseconds));            
        Collection<SystemSetting> cacheAsideSettings = igca.GetCacheAsideItem("myuniqueIdentifier", cacheMilliseconds,
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, App::CreateDummySystemSettings);

        if (null != cacheAsideSettings) {
            System.out.println("--------------");
            System.out.println(String.format("        CurrentRunCacheReads=%1s",
                    ++CurrentRunCacheReads));                   
            System.out.println(String.format("        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=%1s",
                    cacheAsideSettings.size()));
            for (SystemSetting sett : cacheAsideSettings) {
                System.out.println(String.format(
                        "cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=%1s, SystemSetting.Value = %2s, i = %3s , Time= %4s",
                        sett.getSystemSettingKey(), sett.getSettingValue(), i, LocalDateTime.now()));
            }
            System.out.println("--------------");
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    System.out.println(String.format("NewedUpCounter=%1s",
            NewedUpCounter));

}

private static Collection<SystemSetting> CreateDummySystemSettings() {

    NewedUpCounter++;
    CurrentRunCacheReads=0;

    long LOWER_RANGE = 10000; // assign lower range value
    long UPPER_RANGE = 20000; // assign upper range value
    Random random = new Random();

    long randomValue = LOWER_RANGE + (long) (random.nextDouble() * (UPPER_RANGE - LOWER_RANGE));

    Collection<SystemSetting> returnItems = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 101; i < 104; i++) {
        SystemSetting newSetting = new SystemSetting();
        newSetting.setSystemSettingKey(i);
        newSetting.setSettingValue(String.format("ValueOf%1s*", randomValue));
        returnItems.add(newSetting);
    }

    System.out.println(String.format("NEW Collection<SystemSetting> CREATED !! size=%1s  ************************************************", returnItems.size()));

    return returnItems;
}

然后输出。显示项目/缓存时间的示例可以更改。

        cacheMilliseconds=2500
NEW Collection<SystemSetting> CREATED !! size=3  ************************************************
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=1
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   0 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:14.043
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   0 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:14.052
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   0 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:14.052
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=3000
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=2
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   1 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:15.052
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   1 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:15.053
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   1 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:15.053
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=3500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=3
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   2 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:16.054
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   2 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:16.054
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14000*, i =   2 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:16.054
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=4000
NEW Collection<SystemSetting> CREATED !! size=3  ************************************************
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=1
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   3 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:17.055
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   3 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:17.055
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   3 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:17.055
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=4500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=2
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   4 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:18.056
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   4 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:18.056
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   4 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:18.056
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=5000
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=3
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   5 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:19.057
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   5 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:19.058
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   5 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:19.058
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=5500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=4
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   6 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:20.058
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   6 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:20.058
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17155*, i =   6 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:20.058
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=6000
NEW Collection<SystemSetting> CREATED !! size=3  ************************************************
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=1
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   7 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:21.059
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   7 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:21.060
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   7 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:21.060
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=6500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=2
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   8 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:22.060
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   8 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:22.060
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   8 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:22.060
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=7000
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=3
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   9 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:23.060
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   9 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:23.060
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =   9 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:23.060
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=7500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=4
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  10 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:24.060
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  10 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:24.061
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  10 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:24.061
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=8000
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=5
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  11 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:25.061
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  11 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:25.061
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  11 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:25.061
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=8500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=6
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  12 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:26.063
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  12 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:26.063
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf17444*, i =  12 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:26.064
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=9000
NEW Collection<SystemSetting> CREATED !! size=3  ************************************************
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=1
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  13 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:27.065
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  13 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:27.065
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  13 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:27.066
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=9500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=2
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  14 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:28.066
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  14 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:28.066
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  14 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:28.066
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=10000
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=3
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  15 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:29.067
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  15 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:29.067
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  15 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:29.067
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=10500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=4
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  16 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:30.068
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  16 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:30.068
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  16 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:30.068
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=11000
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=5
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  17 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:31.068
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  17 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:31.068
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  17 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:31.068
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=11500
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=6
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  18 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:32.068
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  18 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:32.068
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  18 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:32.068
--------------
        cacheMilliseconds=12000
--------------
        CurrentRunCacheReads=7
        Cached Collection<SystemSetting> Read .. size=3
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=101, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  19 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:33.069
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=102, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  19 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:33.069
cacheAsideSettings !! SystemSetting.Key=103, SystemSetting.Value = ValueOf14680*, i =  19 , Time= 2018-09-28T13:04:33.069
--------------
NewedUpCounter=4 /* this last one not accurate since its "bailing out */

Answer 1

匿名类创建表达式new Cache2kBuilder<String, String>() {}用作“超类型令牌”，以在运行时表示参数化类型。他们这样做的方法是创建一个扩展参数化类型的子类（通常是匿名类），其中类型实参是在编译时固定（硬编码）的具体类型。由于该类的超类是该类的声明的一部分，因此它将与泛型信息一起存储在类文件的声明部分中，并且可以在运行时通过反射来检索此信息。

请注意，在运行时可以从类文件中检索的正是在编译时进行硬编码的内容。这就是new Cache2kBuilder<String, TEntity>() {}不起作用的原因-编译时在源代码中进行了硬编码的是，存在一个名为TEntity的类型变量，而不是具体的类。

如果无法在编译时固定类，并且仅在运行时知道，则Cache2k提供了一种构造Cache2kBuilder的不同方法：

theCache = Cache2kBuilder.of(String.class, entityClass)
  .name("myCache").eternal(true).build();

其中entityClass是Class<TEntity>，它是运行时实体类的类对象。因此，您还必须为实体传递Class对象，而不仅仅是为其传递Supplier。

cache2k和Generic T不能一起玩

1 个答案: