我有以下要测试的代码:
public class MessageService {
private MessageDAO dao;
public void acceptFromOffice(Message message) {
message.setStatus(0);
dao.makePersistent(message);
message.setStatus(1);
dao.makePersistent(message);
}
public void setDao (MessageDAO mD) { this.dao = mD; }
}
public class Message {
private int status;
public int getStatus () { return status; }
public void setStatus (int s) { this.status = s; }
public boolean equals (Object o) { return status == ((Message) o).status; }
public int hashCode () { return status; }
}
我需要验证,该方法acceptFromOffice确实将状态设置为0,而不是持久消息,然后将其状态变为1,然后再次保持状态。
对于Mockito,我试图做以下事情:
@Test
public void testAcceptFromOffice () throws Exception {
MessageDAO messageDAO = mock(MessageDAO.class);
MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
messageService.setDao(messageDAO);
final Message message = spy(new Message());
messageService.acceptFromOffice(message);
verify(messageDAO).makePersistent(argThat(new BaseMatcher<Message>() {
public boolean matches (Object item) {
return ((Message) item).getStatus() == 0;
}
public void describeTo (Description description) { }
}));
verify(messageDAO).makePersistent(argThat(new BaseMatcher<Message>() {
public boolean matches (Object item) {
return ((Message) item).getStatus() == 1;
}
public void describeTo (Description description) { }
}));
}
我实际上期望验证将验证调用两次具有不同Message对象状态的makePersistent方法。但它没有说那个
论据不同!
任何线索?
答案 0 :(得分:25)
测试代码并非易事,但并非不可能。我的第一个想法是使用ArgumentCaptor,与ArgumentMatcher相比,使用和理解起来要容易得多。不幸的是,测试仍然失败 - 原因肯定超出了这个答案的范围,但如果您感兴趣,我可以提供帮助。我仍然觉得这个测试用例足够有趣(不正确的解决方案):
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MessageServiceTest {
@Mock
private MessageDAO messageDAO = mock(MessageDAO.class);
private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
@Before
public void setup() {
messageService.setDao(messageDAO);
}
@Test
public void testAcceptFromOffice() throws Exception {
//given
final Message message = new Message();
//when
messageService.acceptFromOffice(message);
//then
ArgumentCaptor<Message> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Message.class);
verify(messageDAO, times(2)).makePersistent(captor.capture());
final List<Message> params = captor.getAllValues();
assertThat(params).containsExactly(message, message);
assertThat(params.get(0).getStatus()).isEqualTo(0);
assertThat(params.get(1).getStatus()).isEqualTo(1);
}
}
不幸的是,工作解决方案需要使用Answer。简而言之,您不是让Mockito记录并验证每次调用,而是提供一种回调方法,每次执行测试代码时都会执行mock。在这个回调方法(我们的示例中为MakePersistentCallback
对象)中,您可以访问参数,并且可以更改返回值。这是一门重型大炮,你应该小心使用它:
@Test
public void testAcceptFromOffice2() throws Exception {
//given
final Message message = new Message();
doAnswer(new MakePersistentCallback()).when(messageDAO).makePersistent(message);
//when
messageService.acceptFromOffice(message);
//then
verify(messageDAO, times(2)).makePersistent(message);
}
private static class MakePersistentCallback implements Answer {
private int[] expectedStatuses = {0, 1};
private int invocationNo;
@Override
public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
final Message actual = (Message)invocation.getArguments()[0];
assertThat(actual.getStatus()).isEqualTo(expectedStatuses[invocationNo++]);
return null;
}
}
示例未完成,但现在测试成功,更重要的是,当您在CUT中更改几乎任何内容时失败。如您所见,每次调用模拟MakePersistentCallback.answer
时都会调用messageService.acceptFromOffice(message)
方法。在naswer
内,您可以执行所需的所有验证。
注意:谨慎使用,至少可以说保持这样的测试很麻烦。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您正在测试状态机。使用一些自定义实现测试MessageService非常容易。我认为TestMessage将是最有趣的课程。
为了允许DAO /消息记录持久化调用,我做了一个自定义实现。
这不是Mockito,但 很简单,应该可以胜任。
class TestMessageDAO implements MessageDAO {
// I have no clue what the MessageDAO does except for makePersistent
// which is the only relevant part here
public void makePersistent(Message message) {
if (message instanceof TestMessage) {
TestMessage test = (TestMessage)message;
test.persistCalled(); // will be recorded by TestMessage
} else {
throw RuntimeException("This test DAO does not support non-test messages");
}
}
}
// Message isn't final so...
class TestMessage extends Message {
enum state {
STARTED, STATUS0, PERSIST0, STATUS1, PERSIST1
}
public void persistCalled() { // For testing only
switch (state) {
case STATUS0:
state = PERSIST0;
break;
case STATUS1:
state = PERSIST1;
break;
default:
throw new RuntimeException("Invalid transition");
}
}
public void setStatus(int status) {
switch(state) {
case STARTED:
if (status != 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("0 required");
}
state = STATUS0;
break;
case PERSIST0:
if (status != 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("1 required");
}
state = STATUS1;
break;
default:
throw new RuntimeException("Invalid transition");
}
}
}
public class TestMessageService {
@Test
public void testService() {
MessageDAO dao = new TestMessageDAO();
Message message = new TestMessage();
MessageService service = new MessageService();
service.setDao(dao);
service.acceptFromOffice(message);
}
}