阅读C语言中的访问冲突,尝试查找源代码

时间:2018-09-25 07:29:11

标签: c exception

伙计们。我有一个项目,在其中给了我很多椅子,许多阳伞以及椅子的位置。我认为必须找到所有遮阳伞的最佳宽度(彼此相等)以覆盖每把椅子。我精心编写了以下代码,使其可用于赋值文件中的示例案例(虽然很杂乱,但是可以):

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

void search();
int* constructParasols();
int check();
void draw();

int main(void)
{
    int n, k, totalSize;

    scanf("%d", &n);
    printf("\n");

    scanf("%d", &k);
    printf("\n");

    int* chairs = (int*)calloc(n + 1, sizeof(int));

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
    {
        scanf("%d", &chairs[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");

    totalSize = chairs[n - 1];

    search(n, k, chairs, totalSize, 0, totalSize/k);

    free(chairs);
    chairs = NULL;
    system("pause");
}

void search(int n, int k, int* chairs, int totalSize, int low, int hi)
{
    int mid = (low + hi)/2;
    int tempPos = 0;
    if (low >= hi - 1)
    {
        if (check(n, k, low, chairs, constructParasols(k,totalSize,low), k - 2, totalSize - (low * 2), totalSize) == 1)
        {
            printf("width %d is optimal\n", low);
        }
        else if (check(n, k, hi, chairs, constructParasols(k, totalSize, hi), k - 2, totalSize - (low * 2), totalSize) == 1)
        {
            printf("width%d is optimal\n", hi);
        }
        else
        {
            printf("no solution found\n");
        }
    }
    else if (check(n, k, mid, chairs, constructParasols(k, totalSize, mid), k - 2, totalSize - (mid * 2), totalSize) == 1)
    {
        search(n, k, chairs, totalSize, low, mid-1);
    }
    else
    {
        search(n, k, chairs, totalSize, mid+1, hi);
    }
}

int* constructParasols(int k, int totalSize, int width)
{
    int* parasols = (int*)calloc(k + 1, sizeof(int));
    int tempPos = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < k - 1; i++)
    {
        parasols[i] = tempPos;
        tempPos += width;
    }
    parasols[k - 1] = totalSize - width;
    return parasols;
}

int check(int n, int k, int width, int* chairs, int* parasols, int pNum, int maxPos, int totalSize)
{
    int* cover = (int*)calloc(totalSize + 1, sizeof(int));
    int failed = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < totalSize; i++)
    {
        cover[i] = 0;
    }

    if (k<=2)
    {
        draw(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, totalSize);
        for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
        {
            cover[i] = 1;
            if(k==2) cover[parasols[1] + i] = 1;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            if (cover[chairs[i] - 1] == 0)
            {
                failed = 1;
            }
        }
        if (failed == 0)
        {
            free(cover);
            cover = NULL;
            free(parasols);
            parasols = NULL;
            return 1;
        }
        else
        {
            free(cover);
            cover = NULL;
            free(parasols);
            parasols = NULL;
            return 0;
        }
    }

    draw(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, totalSize);


    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
        {
            cover[parasols[i] + j] = 1;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if (cover[chairs[i]-1] == 0)
        {
            failed = 1;
        }
    }
    if (failed == 0)
    {
        free(cover);
        cover = NULL;
        free(parasols);
        parasols = NULL;
        return 1;
    }

    if (pNum <= 1 && parasols[pNum] == maxPos)
    {
        free(cover);
        cover = NULL;
        free(parasols);
        parasols = NULL;
        return 0;
    }
    else if (parasols[pNum] == maxPos)
    {
        free(cover);
        cover = NULL;
        return check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum - 1, maxPos - width, totalSize);
    }
    else
    {
        free(cover);
        cover = NULL;
        parasols[pNum]++;
        return check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum, maxPos, totalSize);
    }
}

void draw(int n, int k, int width, int* chairs, int* parasols, int totalSize)
{
    int* dCover = (int*)calloc(totalSize, sizeof(int));
    int* chairPos = (int*)calloc(totalSize, sizeof(int));

    for (int i = 0; i < totalSize; i++) 
    {
        dCover[i] = 0;
        chairPos[i] = 0;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
        {
            if (dCover[parasols[i] + j] >= 1) dCover[parasols[i] + j] = 2;
            else dCover[parasols[i] + j] = 1;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        chairPos[chairs[i]-1] = 1;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i <= totalSize; i++)
    {
        if (dCover[i] == 2)
        {
            printf("=");
        }
        else if (dCover[i] == 1)
        {
            printf("-");
        }
        else
        {
            printf(" ");
        }
    }
    printf("\n");
    for (int i = 0; i <= totalSize; i++)
    {
        if (chairPos[i] == 1)
        {
            printf("|");
        }
        else
        {
            printf(" ");
        }
    }
    printf("\n");

    free(dCover);
    dCover = NULL;
    free(chairPos);
    chairPos = NULL;
    return;
}

(为清楚起见和减小了尺寸,删除了一些注释和调试打印)

但是,这些只是他将尝试的十个样本中的两个样本。我想让它们都正确无误,因为我是编程方面的完美主义者,并且在检查封面是否有效的过程中发现了一个盲点。现在,它将从右边拿起第二把阳伞,并将其逐个空间拖移并每次检查。一旦它触碰到它右边的阳伞,它将从左边的下一个阳伞开始,并执行此操作直到剩下最左边的阳伞,并得出此配置不会成功的结论。

这意味着,如果我提供示例输入,例如8 4 1 3 6 9 12 15 17 20, 它不会检查阳伞的宽度为4且均匀隔开的情况。我着手通过更改以下内容来纠正此问题:

else
    {
        free(cover);
        cover = NULL;
        parasols[pNum]++;
        return check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum, maxPos, totalSize);
    }

(这是它尝试将阳伞向左推,然后再试一次)的位置:

else
{
    printf("freeing cover\n");
    free(cover);
    cover = NULL;
    printf("iteration failed\n");
    //parasols[pNum]++;
    //return check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum, maxPos, totalSize);

    if (parasols[pNum] != parasols[pNum - 1] + width && check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum - 1, parasols[pNum]-width, totalSize) == 1)
    {
        return 1;
    }

    else
    {   
        parasols[pNum]++;
        return check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum, maxPos, totalSize);
    }
}

似乎很有意义。仅当我现在运行它时,我才会遇到读取访问冲突。就在这里:

else dCover[parasols[i] + j] = 1;

dCover。在draw命令下。

它将抓住阳伞并向右移动,检查它,然后将阳伞向左移,然后向右移动。正如我所料。只是之后  引发异常的地方。

如果我还原代码,则一切正常。我不知道这与它有什么关系-完全是两个不同的指针。我正在使用Visual Studio 2017来构建它,如果有区别的话。有人可以帮我吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

当释放已经释放的指针时,您会遇到这种迷恋。

您在parasols中释放了check,并继续使用它而没有对其进行重构。

在代码的这一部分:

if (parasols[pNum] != parasols[pNum - 1] + width && check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum - 1, parasols[pNum]-width, totalSize) == 1)
{
    return 1;
}
else
{   
    parasols[pNum]++;
    return check(n, k, width, chairs, parasols, pNum, maxPos, totalSize);
} 

check使您free(parasols)失败并返回了0,因此您进入else并在parasols[pNum]++return check(...中再次使用了它,而没有重建parasols

程序在第二个free中崩溃,但是在访问释放的指针时也可能崩溃。