使用sh的printf进行的十六进制到Dec转换失败超过16位

时间:2018-09-24 18:47:31

标签: shell hex decimal sh base-conversion

我只有外壳可用,没有bash,Perl,python等。

使用printf个小数字有效:

root@DD-WRT:/jffs# printf "%d\n", 0x15a
346

但是大量失败。

root@DD-WRT:/jffs# printf "%d\n", 0x15abc12345afda325
sh: invalid number '0x15abc12345afda325'
0

还可以使用shell执行十六进制算术,例如Module吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

这是什么壳?在Linux上,我看到:

$ bash -c 'echo $((0x15abc12345afda325))'
6538120775109288741

错误

$ dash -c 'echo $((0x15abc12345afda325))'
9223372036854775807

错误

$ ksh -c 'echo $((0x15abc12345afda325))'
2.49848648488188404e+19

正确但输出格式错误

$ ksh -c 'printf "%d\n" $((0x15abc12345afda325))'
ksh: printf: warning: 2.49848648488188404e+19: overflow exception
9223372036854775807
$ ksh -c 'printf "%.0f\n" $((0x15abc12345afda325))'
24984864848818840399

GNU awk

$ gawk -v n=0x15abc12345afda325 'BEGIN {print strtonum(n)}'
24984864848818839552
$ gawk --bignum -v n=0x15abc12345afda325 'BEGIN {print strtonum(n)}'
24984864848818840357

您有bc可用吗?

$ hex=15abc12345afda325
$ echo "ibase=16; $hex" | bc
(standard_in) 1: syntax error

十六进制值需要大写吗?

$ echo "ibase=16; ${hex^^}" | bc
24984864848818840357

Hmm,不同于ksh输出。 WolframAlpha says 24984864848818840357


我看到busybox有dc,但不幸的是,它已经残废了:

$ printf "%s\n" 16 i 15ABC12345AFDA325 p | dc
24984864848818840357
$ printf "%s\n" 16 i 15ABC12345AFDA325 p | busybox dc
dc: syntax error at 'i'

答案 1 :(得分:1)

我试图用纯sh(实际上是灰,因为busybox sh运行内置的灰)来编写从十六进制到十进制的任意精度转换器。由于功能有限(无数组)和“奇怪的”错误(没有清晰的文档)(例如表达式中不允许使用空格),因此与bash相比,它需要付出更多的努力

#!/bin/ash

obase=1000000000    # 1e9, the largest power of 10 that fits in int32_t
ibase=$((1 << 7*4)) # only 7 hex digits, because 0xFFFFFFFF > 1e9

inp="000000${1#0x}"                 # input value in $1 with optional 0x
inp=${inp:$((${#inp}%7)):${#inp}}   # pad the string length to a multiple of 7

carry=0
# workaround, since sh and ash don't support arrays
result0=0       # output digits will be stored in resultX variables in little endian
MSDindex=0      # index of the most significant digit in the result

print_result()
{
    eval echo -n \$result$MSDindex  # print MSD
    if [ $MSDindex -gt 0 ]; then    # print remaining digits
        for i in $(seq $((MSDindex-1)) -1 0); do eval printf "%09d" \$result$i; done
    fi
    echo
}

# Multiply a digit with the result
# $1 contains the value to multiply with the result array
mul()
{
    carry=0
    for i in $(seq 0 $MSDindex); do
        eval let res="$1\\*result$i+carry"
        eval let result$i=res%obase
        let carry=res/obase
    done

    while [ $carry -ne 0 ]; do
        let MSDindex=MSDindex+1
        eval let result$MSDindex=carry%obase
        let carry=carry/obase
    done
}

# Add a digit with the result
# $1 contains the digit to add with the array
add()
{
    eval let res=$1+result0
    eval let result0=res%obase
    let carry=res/obase

    i=1
    while [ $carry -ne 0 ]
    do
        eval let res=carry+result$i
        eval let result$i=res%obase
        let carry=res/obase
        if [ $i -gt $MSDindex ]; then MSDindex=$i; fi
        let i=i+1
    done
}

# main conversion loop
while [ -n "$inp" ]     # iterate through the hex digits, 7 at a time
do
    hexdigit=${inp:0:7}
    mul $ibase          # result = result*input_base+hexdigit
    add 0x$hexdigit

    if [ ${#inp} -gt 7 ]; then
        inp=${inp: $((7-${#inp}))}
    else
        unset inp
    fi
done

print_result

我在Ubuntu中使用busybox进行检查,发现它支持64位算术,因此我需要32位肢体来避免乘法时溢出。我将输出基数选择为1 000 000 000,因为它是32位int表示的10的最大乘方。然后输入基数必须小于基数(需要较少的进位处理),因此我选择0x10000000,即16的最大幂小于1000000000

当然,如果您的busybox严重受损,不支持64位int,那么您必须使用0x1000基数并立即处理3个十六进制数字

与bc确认,每次结果都相同

$ v=15ABC12345AFDA325; busybox sh ./hex2dec.sh $v; echo "ibase=16; $v" | bc
24984864848818840357
24984864848818840357
$ v=2B37340113436BA5C23513A1231111C; busybox sh ./hex2dec.sh $v; echo "ibase=16; $v" | bc
3590214682278754501437472025955340572
3590214682278754501437472025955340572
$ v=60431BCD73610ADF2B37340113436BA5C23513A12311111111111;\
> busybox sh ./hex2dec.sh $v; echo "ibase=16; $v" | bc
2474996796503602902399592755755761709869730986038055786310078737
2474996796503602902399592755755761709869730986038055786310078737