我编写了一个自定义迭代器,该迭代器同时迭代两个数组。
用于按键对两个数组进行升序排序,其中第一个数组存储键,第二个数组存储值。
std::sort
无法与迭代器进行排序,因为它不会对任何元素进行重新排序。
下面是简化的代码,其中包含一个而不是两个数组的迭代器。
如何使用迭代器进行排序?
我需要一个Ref
类,而不是仅使用&
,因为我需要在实际代码中引用两个数组的两个元素。
代码也位于http://cpp.sh/4zcgb
结果(不排序):
before: [ 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ]
after: [ 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ]
before: [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
after: [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
assign before: [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
assign after: [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
代码:
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
template <typename T> class It;
template <typename T>
class Ref {
typedef Ref<T> Self_type;
public:
Ref(T* const ptr_x, const std::size_t ix = 0)
: ptr_x_(ptr_x + ix) {}
friend bool operator<(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return (rhs.x() < lhs.x());
}
const T& x() const { return *ptr_x_; }
T& x() { return *ptr_x_; }
private:
T* ptr_x_;
};
template <typename T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, Ref<T> const &m) {
return os << m.x();
}
template <typename T>
class Arr {
public:
typedef It<T> iterator;
Arr(T* const ptr_x, const std::size_t size)
: ptr_x_(ptr_x), size_(size) {}
std::size_t size() const { return size_; }
Ref<T> operator[](const std::size_t ix) const {
return Ref<T>(ptr_x_ + ix);
}
It<T> begin() {
return It<T>(ptr_x_, 0);
}
It<T> end() {
return It<T>(ptr_x_, size_);
}
private:
T* const ptr_x_;
const std::size_t size_;
};
template <typename T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, Arr<T> const &m) {
std::stringstream s;
s << "[ ";
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m.size(); ++i) {
s << m[i] << " ";
}
s << "]";
return os << s.str();
}
template <typename T>
inline void swap(Ref<T> t1, Ref<T> t2) noexcept {
std::cout << "before swap:\n";
std::cout << " t1: " << t1 << "\n";
std::cout << " t2: " << t2 << "\n";
std::swap(t1.x(), t2.x());
std::cout << "after swap:\n";
std::cout << " t1: " << t1 << "\n";
std::cout << " t2: " << t2 << "\n";
}
template <typename T>
class It {
typedef It<T> Self_type;
public:
typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef Ref<T> value_type;
typedef Ref<T> reference;
typedef Ref<T> pointer;
typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
It(T* const ptr_x, const std::size_t ix)
: ptr_x_(ptr_x), ix_(ix) {}
Self_type& operator=(const Self_type& rhs) {
ix_ = rhs.ix_;
return *this;
}
Self_type& operator++() {
++ix_;
return *this;
} //prefix increment
Self_type operator++(int) {
Self_type out(*this);
++ix_;
return out;
}; //postfix increment
Self_type& operator--() {
--ix_;
return *this;
} //prefix decrement
Self_type operator--(int) {
Self_type out(*this);
--ix_;
return out;
} //postfix decrement
Ref<T> operator*() const { return Ref<T>(ptr_x_, ix_); }
friend bool operator==(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return (rhs.ix_ == lhs.ix_);
}
friend bool operator!=(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return !(rhs == lhs);
}
friend void swap(Self_type& lhs, Self_type& rhs) {
std::swap(lhs.ix_, rhs.ix_);
}
friend bool operator<(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return (rhs.ix_ < lhs.ix_);
}
friend bool operator>=(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return !(rhs < lhs);
}
friend bool operator>(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return (rhs.ix_ > lhs.ix_);
}
friend bool operator<=(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return !(rhs > lhs);
}
Self_type& operator+=(const std::size_t ix) {
ix_ += ix;
return *this;
}
friend Self_type operator+(const Self_type& rhs, const std::size_t ix) {
Self_type out(rhs);
out += ix;
return out;
}
friend Self_type operator+(const std::size_t ix, const Self_type& lhs) {
return lhs + ix;
}
Self_type& operator-=(const std::size_t ix) {
ix_ -= ix;
return *this;
}
friend Self_type operator-(const Self_type& rhs, const std::size_t ix) {
Self_type out(rhs);
out -= ix;
return out;
}
friend std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const Self_type& rhs,
const Self_type& lhs) {
return std::ptrdiff_t(rhs.ix_) - std::ptrdiff_t(lhs.ix_);
}
Ref<T> operator[](const std::size_t ix) const {
return Ref<T>(ptr_x_, ix_);
}
private:
T* const ptr_x_;
std::size_t ix_;
};
template <typename T>
void fill_vec(std::vector<T>& v) {
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) v[i] = v.size() - i;
}
template <typename T>
void fill_vec2(std::vector<T>& v) {
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) v[i] = i;
}
int main() {
std::vector<int> vec_x(10);
fill_vec(vec_x);
Arr<int> da(vec_x.data(), vec_x.size());
using std::swap;
std::cout << "before: " << da << "\n";
std::sort(da.begin(), da.end());
std::cout << "after: " << da << "\n";
fill_vec2(vec_x);
std::cout << "before: " << da << "\n";
std::sort(da.begin(), da.end());
std::cout << "after: " << da << "\n";
std::cout << "assign before: " << da << "\n";
da[1] = da[0];
std::cout << "assign after: " << da << "\n";
}
尝试修复1(为operator =添加定义):
template <typename T>
class Ref {
typedef Ref<T> Self_type;
public:
Ref(T* const ptr_x, const std::size_t ix = 0)
: ptr_x_(ptr_x + ix) {}
friend bool operator<(const Self_type& rhs, const Self_type& lhs) {
return (rhs.x() < lhs.x());
}
Self_type& operator=(const Ref<T>& other) {
this->x() = other.x();
return *this;
}
const T& x() const { return *ptr_x_; }
T& x() { return *ptr_x_; }
private:
T* ptr_x_;
};
结果:
before: [ 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ]
after: [ 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 ]
before: [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
after: [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
assign before: [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
assign after: [ 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ]
答案 0 :(得分:0)
std::sort
要求迭代器指向正确定义交换类型并且可移动构造和可移动分配的类型。
在您的代码中,构造Ref<T>
会引用现有元素,因此进行更改将覆盖现有元素。
如果您将value_type
中的iterator
更改为
typedef T value_type;
并将它们添加到您的Ref<T>
类中:
Self_type& operator=(const T& other) {
this->x() = other;
return *this;
}
operator const T&() const { return x(); }
如果要对一对(或元组)容器进行排序,则需要通过value_type
或Ref<T>
来更改std::pair
和std::tuple
中的相应类型。另外,如果T
实际上是可移动构造的/可分配的,则可以用移动替换副本(如果T
是POD,则不会有什么区别。)