在我的项目中,我有一个类充当文件的通用类型。根据我们正在处理的文件类型,它应该显示其他属性。
我尝试使用默认为never
的条件类型“隐藏”该属性来实现此目的。但是,当我尝试使用该类时,类型检查器会抱怨我缺少推断为never
类型的属性。当然,我不能分配它,所以我留下了一个无法创建的对象。
该错误始终发生在此代码块的底部:
// just for convenience
type MP4OptionsT = {
codec?: 'h264',
profile: 'baseline' | 'main' | 'high',
bitrate: number,
};
// this is the class in question
class MediaFile<Format extends 'mp4' | 'png'> {
public path: string;
public format: Format extends 'mp4' ? 'mp4' : Format extends 'png' ? 'png' : never; // once the generic type argument is set, this can only be a specific string literal
// this should not have to be assigned if generic type argument is 'png'
public mp4Options: Format extends 'mp4' ? MP4OptionsT : never;
constructor(opts: {
path: string,
format: Format extends 'mp4' ? 'mp4' : Format extends 'png' ? 'png' : never;
// this should not have to be assigned if generic type argument is 'png' - however it demands to be assigned
mp4Options: Format extends 'mp4' ? MP4OptionsT : never,
}) {
this.path = opts.path;
this.format = opts.format;
this.mp4Options = opts.mp4Options;
}
}
// this is OK
const mp4File = new MediaFile<'mp4'>({
path: '/some/file/somewhere.mp4',
format: 'mp4',
mp4Options: {
profile: 'high',
bitrate: 1000,
}
});
// the type checker complains about this: "Property mp4Otions is missing in type {...}".
// if I explicitly include mp4Options, the type checker notes that "Type any is not assignable to Type never" - which makes sense, but precludes this class from ever being instantiated.
const pngFile = new MediaFile<'png'>({
path: '/some/file/somewhere.png',
format: 'png', // since there is exactly one option for this, it would be nice if it were implicitly set...
});
据我对本页http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html的条件类型部分的理解,似乎mp4Options一旦被评估为never
类型,便应该能够“不存在”。
作为一个实验,我也尝试过让它回到未定义状态。如果我手动分配了mp4Options: undefined
,则此方法有效,否则类型检查器仍会抱怨缺少属性。我认为绝对不是这种情况,因为我们可以忽略开箱即用的undefined
属性(不带条件类型)。
是否有一种变通方法或较复杂的方法?还是我的代码中只是有错误?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我认为为MediaFile
使用一个公共基类并为mp4
和png
格式派生两个单独的类可能会更好。
如果您确实想通过条件魔术路线去上一堂课,我们可以做到。尽管条件类型不会像您想要的那样影响属性的可选性,但是我们可以将它们与交集类型结合使用以获得预期的效果:
// just for convenience
type MP4OptionsT = {
codec?: 'h264',
profile: 'baseline' | 'main' | 'high',
bitrate: number,
};
type FormatOptions<F extends 'mp4' | 'png'> = (F extends 'mp4' ? { mp4Options: MP4OptionsT } : { mp4Options?: never})
class MediaFile<Format extends 'mp4' | 'png'> {
public path: string;
public format: Format // no need for a conditional type here, it the same type as Format
public mp4Options: FormatOptions<Format>['mp4Options'];
constructor(opts: {
path: string,
format: Format,
} & FormatOptions<Format>)
{
this.path = opts.path;
this.format = opts.format;
this.mp4Options = opts.mp4Options;
}
}
// this is OK, no need for explicit type arguments
const mp4File = new MediaFile({
path: '/some/file/somewhere.mp4',
format: 'mp4',
mp4Options: {
profile: 'high',
bitrate: 1000,
}
});
mp4File.mp4Options.bitrate // ok
// no need for the type argument
const pngFile = new MediaFile({
path: '/some/file/somewhere.png',
format: 'png', // no need for mp4Options
});
pngFile.mp4Options.codec // error
答案 1 :(得分:0)
这不是我的问题的直接答案,而是尝试编写更具可读性的解决方案。提香·切尔尼科娃·德拉戈米尔(Titian Cernicova-Dragomir)已经提供了一个很好的例子,说明了如何按照我最初的要求去做。
经过更多的研究后,我想到了这个解决方案,它避免了我在原始问题中提出的复杂类型推断:
type LegalFormatT = 'mp4' | 'png' | 'jpg';
type FormatOptions<F extends LegalFormatT> = F extends 'mp4' ? { options: MP4OptionsT } : F extends 'png' ? { options: PNGOptionsT } : { options?: never };
type MP4OptionsT = {
codec?: 'h264',
profile: 'baseline' | 'main' | 'high',
bitrate: number,
};
type PNGOptionsT = {
sequence: boolean,
};
class MediaFile<Format extends LegalFormatT> {
public path: string;
public format: Format;
constructor(opts: {
path: string,
format: Format,
}) {
this.path = opts.path;
this.format = opts.format;
}
}
class MP4MediaFile extends MediaFile<'mp4'> {
public options: FormatOptions<'mp4'>['options'];
constructor(opts: {
path: string,
options: MP4OptionsT,
}) {
super({
path: opts.path,
format: 'mp4',
});
this.options = opts.options;
}
}
class PNGMediaFile extends MediaFile<'png'> {
public options: FormatOptions<'png'>['options'];
constructor(opts: {
path: string,
options: PNGOptionsT,
}) {
super({
path: opts.path,
format: 'png',
});
this.options = opts.options;
}
}
class JPGMediaFile extends MediaFile<'jpg'> {
public options: FormatOptions<'jpg'>['options'];
constructor(opts: {
path: string,
}) {
super({
path: opts.path,
format: 'jpg',
});
}
}
虽然我真的很喜欢使用TypeScript提供的所有类型推断功能,但我认为在这种情况下,最好“杀死我的宝贝”,并做一些更多的手工工作,以免引起未来的维护者恐慌。
非常感谢Titian Cernicova-Dragomir回答了遵循“经典”扩展基类路线的实际问题和动机。