如何使用ViewModel和Databinding实现验证?

时间:2018-09-17 15:39:18

标签: android validation kotlin android-databinding android-viewmodel

使用ViewModel和Databinding验证表单数据的最佳方法是什么?

我有一个简单的注册活动,该活动将绑定布局和ViewModel链接起来

class StartActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private lateinit var binding: StartActivityBinding
    private lateinit var viewModel: SignUpViewModel

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        viewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this, SignUpViewModelFactory(AuthFirebase()))
                .get(SignUpViewModel::class.java);

        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.start_activity)
        binding.viewModel = viewModel;

        signUpButton.setOnClickListener {

        }
    }
}

ViewModel和4 ObservableFieldssignUp()方法应先验证数据,然后再将数据提交到服务器。

class SignUpViewModel(val auth: Auth) : ViewModel() {
    val name: MutableLiveData<String> = MutableLiveData()
    val email: MutableLiveData<String> = MutableLiveData()
    val password: MutableLiveData<String> = MutableLiveData()
    val passwordConfirm: MutableLiveData<String> = MutableLiveData()

    fun signUp() {

        auth.createUser(email.value!!, password.value!!)
    }
}

我猜我们可以为每个输入添加四个boolean ObservableField,在signUp()中,我们可以检查输入并更改boolean ObservableField的状态,这会在布局上产生错误

val isNameError: ObservableField<Boolean> = ObservableField()


fun signUp() {

        if (name.value == null || name.value!!.length < 2 ) {
            isNameError.set(true)
        }

        auth.createUser(email.value!!, password.value!!)
    }

但是我不确定ViewModel应该负责验证并向用户显示错误,我们将提供样板代码

<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

    <data>

        <import type="android.view.View" />

        <variable
            name="viewModel"
            type="com.maximdrobonoh.fitnessx.SignUpViewModel" />
    </data>

    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@color/colorGreyDark"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:padding="24dp">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/appTitle"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
            android:text="@string/app_title"
            android:textColor="@color/colorWhite"
            android:textSize="12sp"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <LinearLayout
            android:id="@+id/screenTitle"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/appTitle">

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginEnd="4dp"
                android:text="@string/sign"
                android:textColor="@color/colorWhite"
                android:textSize="26sp"
                android:textStyle="bold" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="@string/up"
                android:textColor="@color/colorWhite"
                android:textSize="26sp" />
        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:id="@+id/form"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="24dp"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/screenTitle">

            <android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatEditText
                style="@style/SignUp.InputBox"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:hint="@string/sign_up_name"
                android:inputType="textPersonName"
                android:text="@={viewModel.name}" />

            <android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatEditText
                style="@style/SignUp.InputBox"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:hint="@string/sign_up_email"
                android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
                android:text="@={viewModel.email}"
               />

            <android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatEditText
                style="@style/SignUp.InputBox"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:hint="@string/sign_up_password"
                android:inputType="textPassword"
                android:text="@={viewModel.password}" />

            <android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatEditText
                style="@style/SignUp.InputBox"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:hint="@string/sign_up_confirm_password"
                android:inputType="textPassword"
                android:text="@={viewModel.passwordConfirm}" />

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/signUpButton"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
                android:background="@drawable/button_gradient"
                android:text="@string/sign_up_next_btn"
                android:textAllCaps="true"
                android:textColor="@color/colorBlack" />

        </LinearLayout>

    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

可以有很多方法来实现这一目标。我告诉您两个解决方案,两个都很好,您可以使用适合自己的解决方案。

我使用extends BaseObservable是因为与将所有字段都转换为Observers相比,这很容易。您也可以使用ObservableFields

解决方案1(使用自定义BindingAdapter

在xml中

<variable
    name="model"
    type="sample.data.Model"/>

<EditText
    passwordValidator="@{model.password}"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@={model.password}"/>

Model.java

public class Model extends BaseObservable {
    private String password;

    @Bindable
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
        notifyPropertyChanged(BR.password);
    }
}

DataBindingAdapter.java

public class DataBindingAdapter {
    @BindingAdapter("passwordValidator")
    public static void passwordValidator(EditText editText, String password) {
        // ignore infinite loops
        int minimumLength = 5;
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
            editText.setError(null);
            return;
        }
        if (editText.getText().toString().length() < minimumLength) {
            editText.setError("Password must be minimum " + minimumLength + " length");
        } else editText.setError(null);
    }
}

解决方案2(使用自定义afterTextChanged

在xml中

<variable
    name="model"
    type="com.innovanathinklabs.sample.data.Model"/>

<variable
    name="handler"
    type="sample.activities.MainActivityHandler"/>

<EditText
    android:id="@+id/etPassword"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:afterTextChanged="@{(edible)->handler.passwordValidator(edible)}"
    android:text="@={model.password}"/>

MainActivityHandler.java

public class MainActivityHandler {
    ActivityMainBinding binding;

    public void setBinding(ActivityMainBinding binding) {
        this.binding = binding;
    }

    public void passwordValidator(Editable editable) {
        if (binding.etPassword == null) return;
        int minimumLength = 5;
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(editable.toString()) && editable.length() < minimumLength) {
            binding.etPassword.setError("Password must be minimum " + minimumLength + " length");
        } else {
            binding.etPassword.setError(null);
        }
    }
}

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    ActivityMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        binding.setModel(new Model());
        MainActivityHandler handler = new MainActivityHandler();
        handler.setBinding(binding);
        binding.setHandler(handler);
    }
}

更新

您也可以替换

android:afterTextChanged="@{(edible)->handler.passwordValidator(edible)}"

android:afterTextChanged="@{handler::passwordValidator}"

因为参数与android:afterTextChangedpasswordValidator相同。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

此方法使用TextInputLayouts(一个自定义绑定适配器),并为表单错误创建一个枚举。我认为结果可以很好地在xml中读取,并将所有验证逻辑保留在ViewModel中。

ViewModel:

class SignUpViewModel() : ViewModel() {

   val name: MutableLiveData<String> = MutableLiveData()
   // the rest of your fields as normal

   val formErrors = ObservableArrayList<FormErrors>()

   fun isFormValid(): Boolean {
      formErrors.clear()
      if (name.value?.isNullOrEmpty()) {
          formErrors.add(FormErrors.MISSING_NAME)
      }
      // all the other validation you require
      return formErrors.isEmpty()
   }

   fun signUp() {
      auth.createUser(email.value!!, password.value!!)
   }

   enum class FormErrors {
      MISSING_NAME,
      INVALID_EMAIL,
      INVALID_PASSWORD,
      PASSWORDS_NOT_MATCHING,
   }

}

BindingAdapter:

@BindingAdapter("app:errorText")
fun setErrorMessage(view: TextInputLayout, errorMessage: String) {
    view.error = errorMessage
}

XML:

<layout>

  <data>

        <import type="com.example.SignUpViewModel.FormErrors" />

        <variable
            name="viewModel"
            type="com.example.SignUpViewModel" />

  </data>

<!-- The rest of your layout file etc. -->

       <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
            android:id="@+id/text_input_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            app:errorText='@{viewModel.formErrors.contains(FormErrors.MISSING_NAME) ? "Required" : ""}'>

            <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:hint="Name"
                android:text="@={viewModel.name}"/>

        </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>

<!-- Any other fields as above format -->

然后,可以从活动/片段中调用ViewModel,如下所示:

class YourActivity: AppCompatActivity() {

   val viewModel: SignUpViewModel
  // rest of class

  fun onFormSubmit() {
     if (viewModel.isFormValid()) {
        viewModel.signUp()
        // the rest of your logic to proceed to next screen etc.
     }
     // no need for else block if form invalid, as ViewModel, Observables
     // and databinding will take care of the UI
  }


}

答案 2 :(得分:0)

实际上,您的想法是正确的。 viewmodel应该对Android系统一无所知,并且只能与纯Java / kotlin一起使用。因此,做您想的是正确的。 ViewModel不应了解android系统,因为所有视图交互都应在View上处理。但是,它们的属性可以绑定到视图。

TL; DR

这将起作用

fun signUp() {

    if (name.value == null || name.value!!.length < 2 ) {
        isNameError.set(true)
    }

    auth.createUser(email.value!!, password.value!!)
}


建议

我建议,如果您想更深入地研究,可以使用“自定义绑定适配器”。这样您:

  • 在视图模型中不需要其他变量
  • 由于自定义绑定适配器上的错误处理,因此具有更清晰的视图模型
  • 因为您可以在其中定义所需的验证,所以更容易阅读XML视图

我会让您的想象力飞向如何使自定义绑定适配器仅具有验证的地方。现在,最好了解自定义绑定适配器的基础。

干杯

答案 3 :(得分:0)

是的,您可以使用 ViewModel 中的验证逻辑,因为您可以使用 ViewModel 中的可观察变量,并且xml是还可以从 ViewModel 类中导出数据。

所以,解决方案:

  • 您可以在ViewModel中创建 @BindingAdapter 并绑定您的 按钮点击它。在此检查您的验证并执行其他操作 东西。

  • 您可以创建 Listener ,并在 ViewModel 上实施,以接收来自按钮的点击并将该监听器绑定到{{ 1}}。

  • 您还可以使用Two-Way data binding (不过要注意无限循环)

    xml

答案 4 :(得分:0)

我发现了几篇关于用Android体系结构组件实现表单验证的文章,大多数解决方案是:“为要编辑的每个字段的模型添加一个属性,并为每个字段错误添加一个属性”。结果,您将获得漂亮的样板代码,但是为什么呢? ViewModel库旨在使我们的生活更轻松,而不是使其复杂化。

如果验证需要访问视图以显示错误,敬酒等等,为什么不将逻辑保留在视图中? ViewModel加载数据并将其提供给视图,该视图将验证数据并传递回ViewModel。 View默认情况下会保存诸如EditText之类的组件的状态,该组件仅应具有ID。尽管绑定了组件,但您不会丢失“活动/片段”娱乐上的已保存状态,因为已保存状态具有更高的优先级。

ViewModel.kt

data class User(
    val id: String,
    val firstName: String,
    val lastName: String
)

class MainVM : ViewModel() {
    val user: LiveData<User> = ...
    fun save(firstName: CharSequence, lastName: CharSequence) { ... }
}

ActivityMain.xml

...
  <EditText android:id="@+id/firstNameInput"
            android:text="@{model.user.firstName}"
            ... />

  <EditText android:id="@+id/lastNameInput"
            android:text="@{model.user.lastName}"
            ... />

  <Button android:onClick="onSaveButtonClick" ... />
...

MainActivity.kt

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var model: MainVM
    private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        model = ViewModelProviders.of(this)[MainVM::class.java]

        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main)
        binding.lifecycleOwner = this
        binding.model = model
    }

    fun onSaveButtonClick(button: View) {
        val firstName = binding.firstNameInput.text.trim()
        if (firstName.isBlank()) {
            binding.firstNameInput.error = getString(R.string.first_name_is_blank)
            return
        }

        val lastName = binding.lastNameInput.text.trim()
        if (lastName.isBlank()) {
            binding.lastNameInput.error = getString(R.string.last_name_is_blank)
            return
        }

        model.saveUser(firstName, lastName)
    }
}

您可以找到完整的示例here

答案 5 :(得分:0)

我写了一个library来验证Observable对象的可绑定字段。

设置您的可观察模型:

class RegisterUser:BaseObservable(){
@Bindable
var name:String?=""
    set(value) {
        field = value
        notifyPropertyChanged(BR.name)
    }

@Bindable
var email:String?=""
    set(value) {
        field = value
        notifyPropertyChanged(BR.email)
    }

}

实例化并添加规则

class RegisterViewModel : ViewModel() {

var user:LiveData<RegisterUser> = MutableLiveData<RegisterUser>().also {
    it.value = RegisterUser()
}

var validator = ObservableValidator(user.value!!, BR::class.java).apply {
    addRule("name", ValidationFlags.FIELD_REQUIRED, "Enter your name")

    addRule("email", ValidationFlags.FIELD_REQUIRED, "Enter your email")
    addRule("email", ValidationFlags.FIELD_EMAIL, "Enter a valid email")

    addRule("age", ValidationFlags.FIELD_REQUIRED, "Enter your age (Underage or too old?)")
    addRule("age", ValidationFlags.FIELD_MIN, "You can't be underage!", limit = 18)
    addRule("age", ValidationFlags.FIELD_MAX, "You sure you're still alive?", limit = 100)

    addRule("password", ValidationFlags.FIELD_REQUIRED, "Enter your password")

    addRule("passwordConfirmation", ValidationFlags.FIELD_REQUIRED, "Enter password confirmation")
    addRule("passwordConfirmation", ValidationFlags.FIELD_MATCH, "Passwords don't match", "password")
}

}

并设置您的xml文件:

<com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
style="@style/textFieldOutlined"
error='@{viewModel.validator.getValidation("email")}'
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">

<com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
    android:id="@+id/email"
    style="@style/myEditText"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:hint="Your email"
    android:imeOptions="actionNext"
    android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
    android:text="@={viewModel.user.email}" />