为什么转发声明无效?我没有在构造函数中实现任何指针,因此它应该可以工作。那为什么不呢?
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class foo;
/*if i use this 2 lines i got first error if not the second one. How do i solve this? */
class on;
class off;
class state{
protected:
foo *_context;
public:
virtual void t_on() = 0;
virtual void t_off() = 0;
virtual void handle() = 0;
};
class foo{
private:
state *_current;
public:
void setState( state* st){
_current = st;
}
void on(){
_current->t_on();
}
void off(){
_current->t_off();
}
void handle(){
_current->handle();
}
};
class off:public state{
void t_on(){
std::cout << "on\n";
}
void t_off(){
std::cout << "cant is off\n";
}
void handle(){
std::cout << "handle to on";
_context->setState( new on );
}
};
class on:public state{
public:
void t_on(){
std::cout << "cant is on\n";
}
void t_off(){
std::cout << "off\n";
}
void handle(){
std::cout << "handle to off";
_context->setState( new off );
}
};
int main ()
{
foo asd;
asd.setState(new on);
asd.on();
asd.off();
return 0;
}
我试图在c ++中实现状态模式,但我不明白这些指针的工作原理。
class on;
class off;
这是在我尝试使用前向声明时发生的。
main.cpp: In member function 'virtual void off::handle()':
main.cpp:45:28: error: invalid use of incomplete type 'class on'
_context->setState( new on );
^
main.cpp:6:8: note: forward declaration of 'class on'
class on;
如果我在上课时遇到此错误,那么为什么上课不起作用?
这就是我现在的时候
main.cpp: In member function 'virtual void off::handle()':
main.cpp:53:28: error: 'on' does not name a type
_context->setState( new on );
^
答案 0 :(得分:2)
要创建类的实例(就像对new on
进行操作一样),您需要 full 定义。但是到那时,在源代码中您还没有类on
的完整定义,只有正向声明。
常见的解决方案是将类分为类定义和成员函数定义。
例如
// Define the class
class off:public state{
public:
void t_on();
void t_off();
void handle();
};
// Define the class and its member functions
class on:public state{
public:
void t_on(){
std::cout << "cant is on\n";
}
void t_off(){
std::cout << "off\n";
}
void handle(){
std::cout << "handle to off";
_context->setState( new off ); // Can use off because it's fully defined
}
};
// Define the member function of the class off
inline void off::t_on(){
std::cout << "on\n";
}
inline void off::t_off(){
std::cout << "cant is off\n";
}
inline void off::handle(){
std::cout << "handle to on";
_context->setState( new on ); // Can use on because it's fully defined
}
使用上述代码,当定义类on
及其成员函数时,将完全定义类off
。然后,稍后在定义off
的成员函数时,您还将拥有on
类的完整定义。