Flask / SQL Alchemy：找不到应用程序。在视图函数内部工作或推送应用程序上下文

Question

我试图仅在API和安全性（令牌）部分中复制此https://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-xxiii-application-programming-interfaces-apis重点。

我在执行示例来管理database

时遇到问题

>>> u = User(username='susan', email='susan@example.com')
>>> db.session.add(u)
>>> db.session.commit()

我收到此错误：

RuntimeError: No application found. Either work inside a view function or push an application context. See http://flask-sqlalchemy.pocoo.org/contexts/.

此处的主要想法是验证数据库是否正常工作

这是我的主应用程序/init.py文件中的代码：

from flask import Flask, request, current_app
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate
from config import Config

db = SQLAlchemy()
migrate = Migrate()

def create_app(config_class=Config):
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(config_class)

    db.init_app(app)
    migrate.init_app(app, db)

    from app.main import bp as main_bp
    app.register_blueprint(main_bp)

    from app.api import bp as api_bp
    app.register_blueprint(api_bp, url_prefix='/api')

    return app

from app import models

这是我的app / models.py文件：

from flask import current_app, url_for
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from app import db#, login

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), index=True, unique=True)
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
    token = db.Column(db.String(32), index=True, unique=True)
    token_expiration = db.Column(db.DateTime)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User {}>'.format(self.username)

    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)

    def check_password(self, password):
        return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)


    def from_dict(self, data, new_user=False):
        for field in ['username', 'email']:
            if field in data:
                setattr(self, field, data[field])
        if new_user and 'password' in data:
            self.set_password(data['password'])


    @staticmethod
    def check_token(token):
        user = User.query.filter_by(token=token).first()
        if user is None or user.token_expiration < datetime.utcnow():
            return None
        return user