PyQt5如何从QT组合框识别和获取数据，该组合已使用功能与其他组合框一起创建

Question

我编写了一个脚本，该脚本自动创建一个QT“对象”，该对象由类别标签，具有可能属性的combobox_1，按钮和combobox_2组成，以列出可用于所选属性的所有值。脚本会根据需要创建尽可能多的这些“对象”。

为每个“对象”创建的按钮旨在获取combobox_1中的选定属性，并使用此信息从数据库中检索相关值并填充combobx_2

现在我遇到的问题是，一旦创建组合框，我就无法弄清楚如何引用它们。对于按钮，我使用serve函数，该函数侦听任何按钮的单击，这样很好，但是如何引用通过函数创建的组合框。尽管它们都有不同的setObjectName，但似乎没有引用该属性的方法，因此当我单击任何按钮时，它们都将返回上一个对象的组合框的值，而不是它们所连接的相关comboxbox的值。 。

这是前端脚本：

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(709, 357)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.gridLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName("gridLayout_2")
        self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
        self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
        self.gridLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
        self.gridLayout_4.setObjectName("gridLayout_4")
        spacerItem = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.gridLayout_4.addItem(spacerItem, 1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.VLayout_0 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.VLayout_0.setObjectName("VLayout_0")
        self.HLayout_0 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        self.HLayout_0.setObjectName("HLayout_0")
        spacerItem1 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(40, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.HLayout_0.addItem(spacerItem1)
        self.CB_L0 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.CB_L0.setObjectName("CB_L0")
        self.HLayout_0.addWidget(self.CB_L0)
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.pushButton.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
        self.pushButton.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
        self.pushButton.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(40, 16777215))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.HLayout_0.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        spacerItem2 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(50, 20, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum)
        self.HLayout_0.addItem(spacerItem2)
        self.VLayout_0.addLayout(self.HLayout_0)
        spacerItem3 = QtWidgets.QSpacerItem(20, 10, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed)
        self.VLayout_0.addItem(spacerItem3)
        self.gridLayout_4.addLayout(self.VLayout_0, 1, 0, 1, 1)
        self.PB_create_cb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.PB_create_cb.setObjectName("PB_create_cb")
        self.gridLayout_4.addWidget(self.PB_create_cb, 0, 1, 1, 1)
        self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.gridLayout_4, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        self.gridLayout_2.addLayout(self.gridLayout, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 709, 22))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "search"))
        self.PB_create_cb.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Create dropdown"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

这是后端示例（创建两个“对象”）：

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import QCoreApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication, QWidget, QAction, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem, QVBoxLayout, QMessageBox, QDialog, QLineEdit, QPushButton, QMenu, QSizePolicy, QLabel,QTreeWidget,QTreeWidgetItem
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget, QToolTip, QPushButton, QMessageBox)
import sys
from test3 import *


class Run_script(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Run_script, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        print("Run script initizalised")

        self.PB_create_cb.clicked.connect(self.click_select)


    def create_V_0_object(self,List_attributes):
        V_list = []
        for i,x in enumerate(List_attributes):
            for k,v in x.items():

                if type(v) == dict:
                    for k1,v1 in v.items():
                        if type(v) == dict:
                            self.HLayout_1 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
                            self.HLayout_1.setObjectName("H_layout_1")

                            self.VLayout_0 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
                            self.VLayout_0.setObjectName("V_L2"+k+str(i))
                            self.Attr_label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
                            self.Attr_label.setObjectName(k)
                            self.Attr_label.setText(k)
                            self.VLayout_0.addWidget(self.Attr_label)
                            self.attr_list = []
                            for k1,v1 in v.items():

                                self.attr_list.append(k1)
                                print("K1 is "+str(k1))
                            self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
                            self.comboBox.setObjectName("CB_"+k)
                            self.comboBox.addItems(self.attr_list)
                            self.comboBox.setToolTip("CB_"+k)
                            self.VLayout_0.addWidget(self.comboBox)
                            self.comboBox1 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
                            self.comboBox1.setObjectName("CB_l2_"+k)
                            self.comboBox1.setToolTip("CB_l2_"+k)
                            self.VLayout_0.addWidget(self.comboBox1)


                            self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
                            sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed)
                            sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
                            sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
                            sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.pushButton.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
                            self.pushButton.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
                            self.pushButton.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(40, 16777215))
                            PB_name = "PB_"+str(k)
                            self.pushButton.setObjectName(PB_name)
                            self.pushButton.setToolTip("Search  " + str(PB_name))
                            self.pushButton.setText(PB_name)
                            self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked)
                            self.HLayout_1.addLayout(self.VLayout_0)
                            self.HLayout_1.addWidget(self.pushButton)



                        else:
                            pass
                V_list.append(self.HLayout_1)

        return V_list

    def buttonClicked(self):
        sender = self.sender()
        cat_l_0 = sender.text()

        for i in range(self.VLayout_0.count()):
            name = self.VLayout_0.itemAt(i).widget().objectName()
            print("this is:",name)

    def click_select(self):

        self.selection = [{"Category1":{"Attr1": "test1","Attr2":"test2"}},{"Category2":{"Attr1":"test3","Attr2":"test4"}}]

        self.v = self.create_V_0_object(self.selection)

        self.create_horizontal_display(self.v)

    def deleteItemsOfLayout(self,layout):
        if layout is not None:
            while layout.count():
                item = layout.takeAt(0)
                widget = item.widget()
                if widget is not None:
                    widget.setParent(None)
                else:
                    self.deleteItemsOfLayout(item.layout())  

    def create_horizontal_display(self,vertical_layout_list):
        self.deleteItemsOfLayout(self.HLayout_0)
        for i,x in enumerate(vertical_layout_list):
            self.HLayout_0.addLayout(x)







if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    prog = Run_script()
    prog.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

要创建对象，只需按下“创建下拉菜单”按钮

Answer 1

您有很多不良做法：

• 在循环中创建的变量通常不会成为该类的成员，因为它们是临时变量，因此请勿使用它们，因为它们将被覆盖，因此在访问self.VLayout_0时您将始终获得最后一个元素。

• 另一个坏习惯是，您想要在一个地方进行的所有操作，正如您所说的“对象”一样，只是数据不同，因此您应该创建一个构建它的类，就像他们说的那样：除法和除法征服。

您还有其他错误，但是它们是次要错误，请更正上述错误，然后执行以下操作：

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from test3 import Ui_MainWindow

class Widget(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    clicked = QtCore.pyqtSignal()
    def __init__(self, text, values, parent=None):
        super(Widget, self).__init__(parent)
        hlay = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self)

        vlay = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(text)
        self.combobox_1 = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
        self.combobox_1.addItems(values.keys())
        self.combobox_2 = QtWidgets.QComboBox()
        vlay.addWidget(self.label)
        vlay.addWidget(self.combobox_1)
        vlay.addWidget(self.combobox_2)
        hlay.addLayout(vlay)

        self.button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(text)
        self.button.clicked.connect(self.clicked)
        hlay.addWidget(self.button)
        self.setFixedSize(self.sizeHint())

class Run_script(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Run_script, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        print("Run script initizalised")
        self.PB_create_cb.clicked.connect(self.click_select)


    def create_V_0_object(self, attributes):
        v_list = []
        for x in attributes:
            for key, value in x.items():
                w = Widget(key, value)
                w.clicked.connect(self.buttonClicked)
                v_list.append(w)
        return v_list

    def buttonClicked(self):
        w = self.sender()
        print(w.combobox_1.currentText())
        print(w.combobox_2.currentText())
        print(w.label.text())
        print(w.button.text())

    def click_select(self):
        selection = [{"Category1":{"Attr1": "test1","Attr2":"test2"}},{"Category2":{"Attr1": "test3", "Attr2": "test4"}}]
        v = self.create_V_0_object(selection)
        self.create_horizontal_display(v)

    def deleteItemsOfLayout(self,layout):
        if layout is not None:
            while layout.count():
                item = layout.takeAt(0)
                widget = item.widget()
                if widget is not None:
                    widget.setParent(None)
                else:
                    self.deleteItemsOfLayout(item.layout())  

    def create_horizontal_display(self, vertical_layout_list):
        self.deleteItemsOfLayout(self.HLayout_0)
        for i, x in enumerate(vertical_layout_list):
            self.HLayout_0.addWidget(x)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    prog = Run_script()
    prog.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())