我正在编写一个脚本来设置debian安装，这个错误使我感到沮丧：
问题：
cp "$BASHRC" "$HOME"/.bashrc
给予：
+ sudo -u Billy bash
cp：无法统计”：没有此类文件或目录
或
cp：缺少操作符
这是脚本：
这些文件位于脚本所在的当前目录中...
17 BASHRC=.bashrc
18 NANORC=.nanorc
19 BASHRCROOT=.bashrcroot
#!/bin/bash -x
2
3 SCRIPTNAME=`basename "$0"`
4
5 if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]
6 then
7 echo "No arguments supplied"
8 echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME user1name user2name\(optional\) user3name\(optional\)"
9 fi
10
11 echo "Here starts the party, "
12 echo "This program should be run as root, please wait"
13 echo "Setting up server.........."
14
15 DIRBASHRCROOT="$HOME"/.bashrcroot
16 DIRBASHRC="$HOME"/.bashrc
17 BASHRC=.bashrc
18 NANORC=.nanorc
19 BASHRCROOT=.bashrcroot
20 ROOT=root
21 USER1="$1"
22 USER2="$2"
23 USER3="$3"
24
25 ################ Users and access settings #####################
26 #echo username1 ALL=(username2) NOPASSWD: /bin/bash /path/to/svn >> /etc/sudoers
27 #echo `users` | grep "$1" && echo User $1 exists
28 #sudo -u username2 -H sh -c "cd /home/$USERNAME/$PROJECT; svn update"
29 #useradd -m -s /bin/bash "$different_user"
30 #id -u $USER1
31 checkIfUser()
32 {
33 for name in "$@"
34 do
35 if id -u "$name" #>/dev/null 2>&1
36 then
37 echo 'User: "$name" exists....setting up now\!'
38 else
39 echo 'User: "$name" does not exists....creating now\!'
40 useradd -m -s /bin/bash "$name" #>/dev/null 2>&1
41 fi
42 done
43 }
44 checkIfUser $1 $2 $3
45 ################ NANO SYNTAX-HIGHLIGHTING #####################3
46 sleep 3
47
48
49
50
51
52 if [ "$UID" != 0 ]
53 then
54 sudo -u "$ROOT" bash <<'EOF'
55 sleep 5
56 git clone https://github.com/nanorc/nanorc.git
57 sleep 5
58 cd nanorc
59 make install-global
60 sleep 5
61 cp "$NANORC" /etc/nanorc
62
63 if [ "$?" = 0 ]
64 then
65 echo "Implementing a custom nanorc file succeeded\!"
66 fi
67EOF
68 else
69 git clone https://github.com/nanorc/nanorc.git
70 sleep 5
71 cd nanorc
72 sleep 5
73 make install-global
74 sleep 5
75 cp "$NANORC" /etc/nanorc
76
77 if [ "$?" = 0 ]
78 then
79 echo "Implementing a custom nanorc file succeeded\!"
80 fi
81 fi
82
83 echo "Finished setting up nano\!"
84 ################ LS_COLORS SETTINGS #############################
86 if [ "$UID" != 0 ]
87 then
88 sudo -u "$ROOT" bash <<'EOF'
89 cp "$BASHRCROOT" "$HOME"/.bashrc
90 wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O "$HOME"/.dircolors
91 echo 'eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)' >> "$HOME"/.bashrc
92 . "$HOME"/.bashrc
93 echo "Here is LS_COLORS in action: "
94 ls -l "$HOME"/
95 EOF
96 else
97 cp "$BASHRCROOT" $(eval echo "$HOME"/.bashrc)
98 sleep 5
99 wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O "$HOME"/.dircolors
100 sleep 5
101 echo 'eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)' >> "$HOME"/.bashrc
102 sleep 5
103 . "$HOME"/.bashrc
104 echo "Here is LS_COLORS in action: "
105 sleep 5
106 ls -l "$HOME"/
107 fi
108 if [ ! -z "$USER1" ]
109 then
110 sudo -u "$USER1" bash <<'EOF'
111 sleep 5
THESE GUY'S ARE THE CULPRIT↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓
112 cp "$BASHRC" "$HOME"/.bashrc
HERE IS THE PROBLEM ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑
113 sleep 5
114 wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O "$HOME"/.dircolors
sleep 5
116 echo 'eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)' >> "$HOME"/.bashrc
117 . "$HOME"/.bashrc
118 sleep 5
119 echo "Here is LS_COLORS in action: "
120 ls -l "$HOME"/
121 EOF
122 fi
123
124 if [ ! -z "$USER2" ]
125 then
126 sudo -u "$USER2" bash <<'EOF'
127 cp "$BASHRC" "$HOME"/.bashrc
128 wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O "$HOME"/.dircolors
129 echo 'eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)' >> "$HOME"/.bashrc
130 . "$HOME"/.bashrc
131 echo "Here is LS_COLORS in action: "
132 ls -l "$HOME"/
133 EOF
134 fi
135
136 if [ ! -z "$USER3" ]
137 then
138 sudo -u "$USER3" bash <<'EOF'
139 sleep 5
140 cp "$BASHRC" "$HOME"/.bashrc
141 sleep 5
142 wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O "$HOME"/.dircolors
sleep 5
142 wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O "$HOME"/.dircolors
143 sleep 5
144 echo 'eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)' >> "$HOME"/.bashrc
145 sleep 5
146 . "$HOME"/.bashrc
147 echo "Here is LS_COLORS in action: "
148 ls -l "$HOME"/
149 EOF
150 fi
151 echo "Finished setting up LS_COLORS on your files and directories\!"
问题：
这里似乎是什么问题，什么是最佳实践和解决方案？
答案 0 :(得分：2)
您正在通过sudo启动另一个bash。 BASHRC是局部变量，对子进程不可见。
由于sudo会引起另一个问题：如果/ etc / sudoers包含选项field_name = 'name'
obj = MyModel.objects.first()
field_value = getattr(obj, field_name)
，那么sudo会丢弃几乎所有的env变量（PATH除外）。
如果将<<'EOF'更改为<< EOF，则可以控制将在sudo之前扩展哪个变量，在sudo之后扩展哪个变量：
Defaults env_reset答案 1 :(得分：0)
这是在姐妹网站上@steeldriver先生的评论中给出的针对此问题的答案.....：
请记住您先前的问题sudo -u用户bash可以使用，但是$HOME并没有相应地更改，我假设您希望$HOME扩展到$USER1's主目录-为此，您可能需要通过在-i调用中添加--login或sudo来调用登录Shell
所以现在看起来像这样……：
if [ ! -z "$USER1" ]
108 then
109 sudo -i -u "$USER1" bash <<'EOF'
110 sleep 5
111 cp -f .bashrc "$HOME"/.bashrc
112 sleep 5
113 wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O "$HOME"/.dircolors
114 sleep 5
115 echo 'eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)' >> "$HOME"/.bashrc
116 . "$HOME"/.bashrc
117 sleep 5
118 echo "Here is LS_COLORS in action: "
119 ls -l "$HOME"
120 EOF
121 fi
但是有一个新问题：
cp: '.bashrc' and '/home/billy/.bashrc' are the same file
此错误的原因是登录外壳程序具有/home/user1目录作为它的当前目录，而不是脚本运行所在的目录.bashrc所在的目录。
我通过在需要的地方对目录进行硬编码解决了这个问题，但是如果有人可以使用一个会引起很大关注的变量，谢谢
编辑：
我通过以下方法解决了难题的最后一个难题：
################# Make my variable global for all ########################3↓
27 echo "export CURRENTDIR=\"/tmp/svaka\"" >> /root/.bashrc
28 echo "export CURRENTDIR=\"/tmp/svaka\"" >> /etc/profile
29 . /etc/profile
将我的变量CURRENTDIR设置为所有bash登录shell的全局变量。
在Amazon Linux上/ etc / profile上的状态：
It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
/etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
考虑到这一点，我在bash_profile.sh中创建了一个/etc/profile.d/。
别忘了可能需要注销/登录来获取更改。