Perl:将哈希键与正则表达式匹配

时间:2011-03-03 14:57:32

标签: perl hash

我想知道Perl是否有内置的方法来检查是否存在一个哈希元素,其中一个键与特定的正则表达式匹配。例如:

my %h = ( 'twelve' => 12, 'thirteen' => 13, 'fourteen' => 14 );

我想知道是否有办法做到这一点:

print "We have 12\n" if exists $h{twelve};
print "We have some teens\n" if exists $h{/.*teen$/};

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:24)

smart match operator执行此操作(自Perl v5.10起可用)。

$a      $b        Type of Match Implied    Matching Code
======  =====     =====================    =============
...
Regex   Hash      hash key grep            grep /$a/, keys %$b
...

样本用法:

# print if any key in %h ends in "teen"
print "We have some teens\n" if /.*teen$/ ~~ %h;

答案 1 :(得分:12)

除了这里的其他答案,您还可以使用perl的grep:

print "We have some teens\n" if grep {/.*teen/} keys %h;

答案 2 :(得分:6)

是的,它被称为:

use List::Util qw<first>;

# Your regex does not compile perhaps you mean /teen$/
my $value = $hash{ ( first { m/teen/ } keys %hash ) || '' };

(在智能比赛之前,就是这样。看看小偷的智能比赛答案。)

您还可以对键进行排序:

my $value = $hash{ ( first { m/teen/ } sort keys %hash ) || '' };

我会将其冻结为“操作”:

use Scalar::Util qw<reftype>;

sub values_for_keys_like (\[%$]$) {
    my $ref = reftype( $_[0] ) eq 'HASH' ? $_[0] : $$_[0];
    return unless my @keys = keys %$ref;

    my $regex = shift;
    # allow strings
    $regex    = qr/$regex/ unless my $typ = ref( $regex );
    # allow regex or just plain ol' filter functions.
    my $test  = $typ eq 'CODE' ? $regex : sub { return unless m/$regex/; 1 };

    if ( wantarray ) { 
        return unless my @k = grep { defined $test->( $_ ) } @keys;
        return @$ref{ @k };
    }
    else {
        return unless my $key = first { defined $test->( $_ ) } @keys;
        return $ref->{ $key };
    }
}

你可以像这样使用它:

my $key = values_for_keys_like( %hash => qr/teen/ );

my $key = values_for_keys_like( $base->{level_two}{level_three} => qr/teen/ );

答案 3 :(得分:4)

没有内置方式,但CPAN上有Tie::Hash::Regex