我有一个使用Windows身份验证的本地网站（http://localhost/testsite），效果很好。
现在我使用Windows身份验证将网站绑定更改为网址（http://testsite.blablabla.biz），这会导致HTTP 401.1 - Unauthorized You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied错误。
我做错了什么？我在谷歌搜索已经很多了，但没有什么真的有用。我认为它与域名或其他东西有关，但我不确定。
答案 0 :(得分：32)
Windows具有用于执行环回检查的安全功能，旨在帮助防止对计算机的反射攻击。
当您使用自定义主机标头浏览运行IIS的计算机上托管的本地网站时，如果网站使用Windows身份验证并且其名称映射到本地环回地址，则会收到此错误消息。
有两种方法可以解决此问题：
1）指定主机名，或
2）禁用环回检查
答案 1 :(得分：0)
请注意，通过更改绑定，您在网络浏览器中的先前网址可能无法再次访问此网站。了解什么是绑定，你应该知道你做错了什么。
因此，为您提供此401.1的网站可以完全是另一个网站。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
以下是我为管理环回检查设置而编写的PowerShell命令行开关。它包括尝试获取使用Windows身份验证的所有IIS网站的主机名并设置反向连接主机名的代码。
Import-Module WebAdministration
function Add-BackConnectionHostName
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Adds the back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Adds the hostname to the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check. Back connection host names
can be used to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861.
.EXAMPLE
Add-BackConnectionHostName mywebsite.mydomain.tld
.EXAMPLE
Add-BackConnectionHostName mywebsite1.mydomain.tld, mywebsite2.mydomain.tld
.PARAMETER Hostname
The Hostname to add to the back connection hostnames list.
.LINK
Remove-BackConnectionHostName
Get-BackConnectionHostName
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Hostname
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostNames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
$propertyValues = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
$property = New-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $null -PropertyType ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::MultiString) -ErrorAction Stop
Write-Verbose "Created the $($propertyName) property."
}
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
foreach ($hostNameValue in $Hostname)
{
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($hostName) -eq $false -and $propertyValues -notcontains $hostNameValue)
{
$propertyValues += $hostNameValue
Write-Verbose "Added $($hostName) to the back connection hostnames."
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "Back connection host names already has an entry for $($hostName)."
}
}
}
}
end
{
if ($propertyValues -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ?{ [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) -eq $false } | Sort -Unique
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $propertyValues
}
}
}
function Remove-BackConnectionHostName
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Removes the hostname from the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Removes the hostname from the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.EXAMPLE
Remove-BackConnectionHostName mywebsite.mydomain.tld
.EXAMPLE
Remove-BackConnectionHostName mywebsite1.mydomain.tld, mywebsite2.mydomain.tld
.PARAMETER Hostname
The Hostname to remove from the back connection hostnames list.
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostName
Get-BackConnectionHostName
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Hostname
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostNames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
$propertyValues = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
foreach ($hostNameValue in $Hostname)
{
if ($propertyValues -contains $hostNameValue)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ? { $_ -ne $hostName }
Write-Verbose "Removed $($hostName) from the $($propertyName) property."
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "No entry for $($hostName) was found in the $($propertyName) property."
}
}
}
}
end
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ?{ [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) -eq $false } | Sort -Unique
if ($propertyValues.Length -ne 0)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $propertyValues
}
else
{
Remove-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName
Write-Verbose "No entries remain after removing $($hostName). The $($propertyName) property was removed."
}
}
}
}
function Get-BackConnectionHostName
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check. Back connection host names can be used to address
the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861.
.EXAMPLE
Get-BackConnectionHostName
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostName
Remove-BackConnectionHostName
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostNames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
$propertyValues = $null
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
return $propertyValues
}
end
{
}
}
function Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Enables the server loopback check. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Enables the server loopback check. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used to address
the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for more details.
.EXAMPLE
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostName
Remove-BackConnectionHostName
Get-BackConnectionHostName
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value 0
}
}
end
{
}
}
function Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Disables the server loopback check for all hostnames. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Disables the server loopback check for all hostnames. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used
to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for more details.
.EXAMPLE
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostName
Remove-BackConnectionHostName
Get-BackConnectionHostName
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value 1
}
else
{
$property = New-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -PropertyType ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord) -Value 1
}
}
end
{
}
}
function Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the status of the server loopback check. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the status of the server loopback check. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used
to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for
more details.
.EXAMPLE
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostName
Remove-BackConnectionHostName
Get-BackConnectionHostName
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
}
process
{
$loopbackCheckStatus = "Enabled"
if ($property -ne $null)
{
switch ($property)
{
0 { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Enabled" }
1 { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Disabled" }
default { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Unknown" }
}
}
return $loopbackCheckStatus
}
end
{
}
}
function Get-WebsiteHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the hostnames for the IP addresses bound to a web site.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the hostnames for the IP addresses bound to a web site. Where a host header exists, the host header is used; otherwise, the IP address is looked up
in DNS to see if a PTR record exists.
.EXAMPLE
Get-WebSiteHostname $webSite
.EXAMPLE
Get-WebSiteHostname -Name 'Default Web Site'
.EXAMPLE
Get-Website | Get-WebSiteHostname
.LINK
Get-Website
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Name
)
process
{
$siteHostnames = @()
foreach ($webSiteName in $Name)
{
$bindings = Get-WebBinding -Name $Name
foreach ($binding in $bindings)
{
$bindingInfo = $binding.bindingInformation.Split(':')
$hostHeader = $bindingInfo[2]
$bindingInfoAddress = $null
$isValidIP = [System.Net.IPAddress]::TryParse($bindingInfo[0], [ref] $bindingInfoAddress)
$siteHostname = $null
if ($bindingInfo -eq '*')
{
Write-Warning "The $($webSiteName) web site has a binding address set to All Unassigned."
}
elseif ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($hostHeader) -eq $false)
{
$siteHostname = $hostHeader
Write-Verbose "The $($webSiteName) web site has a host header set to $($siteHostname)."
}
elseif ($isValidIP -eq $true)
{
$siteHostname = (Resolve-DnsName $bindingInfoAddress -DnsOnly PTR -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).NameHost
if ($siteHostname -ne $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($webSiteName) web site has an IP Address $($bindingInfoAddress) that resolves to $($siteHostname)."
}
else
{
Write-Warning "The $($webSiteName) web site has an IP Address $($bindingInfoAddress) with no PTR record."
}
}
}
if ($siteHostname -ne $null)
{
$siteHostnames += $siteHostname
}
}
return $siteHostnames | Sort -Unique
}
}
# Use the IIS administration commandlets and the ones above to do the
# following:
# 1. Get all the IIS web sites that use Windows authentication.
# 2. Get the hostnames from either the host header setting or the
# DNS reverse lookup of the hostnames from the IP address.
# 3. Add the hostnames to the BackConnectionHostNames registry key.
# 4. Display the contents of the BackConnectionHostNames registry key.
$windowsAuthenticatedWebSites = Get-Website | ?{ (Get-WebConfiguration -Filter '/system.web/authentication' -PSPath $_.PSPath).mode -eq 'Windows' }
$webSiteHostnames = $windowsAuthenticatedWebSites | Get-WebsiteHostname
$webSiteHostNames | Add-BackConnectionHostName
Get-BackConnectionHostName