Oracle 12c无法使用sqlplus连接到数据库

时间：2018-08-09 08:01:47

标签： database oracle database-connection sqlplus oracle12c

我刚刚在本地计算机和SQL Developer中安装了Oracle数据库12c，并且尝试从命令提示符启动sqlplus时出现以下错误：

get-help about_scopes

事实是，如果我跑步：

C:\WINDOWS\system32>sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Aug 9 09:44:14 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

然后我可以成功连接：s

好的，这是我的相关文件和输出，请您尝试帮助我。

Oracle Admin安装路径：

sqlplus system/<pass>@localhost:1521/orcl.carver-as.com as sysdba

Oracle客户端安装路径：

c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\

c：\ oracle \ dperezd \ virtual \ product \ 12.2.0 \ dbhome_1 \ network \ admin \ listener.ora文件：

c:\oracle\client\dperezd\product\12.2.0\client_1\Network\Admin\

Sid: orcl

tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:46:01

Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Archivos de parßmetros utilizados:
c:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


Adaptador TNSNAMES utilizado para resolver el alias
Intentando contactar con (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)))
Realizado correctamente (0 mseg)

C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:23

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
ESTADO del LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Versi¾n                   TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Fecha de Inicio       09-AGO-2018 09:35:29
Tiempo Actividad   0 dÝas 0 hr. 17 min. 56 seg.
Nivel de Rastreo        off
Seguridad               ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Parßmetros del Listener   C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
Log del Listener          C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\diag\tnslsnr\DPEREZD\listener\alert\log.xml
Recibiendo Resumen de Puntos Finales...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=C:\ORACLE\DPEREZD\VIRTUAL\admin\orcl\xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
El comando ha terminado correctamente

C:\WINDOWS\system32>lsnrctl service

LSNRCTL for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-AGO-2018 09:53:53

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Conectßndose a (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1521)))
Resumen de Servicios...
El servicio "CLRExtProc" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "CLRExtProc", con estado UNKNOWN, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
    Manejador(es):
      "DEDICATED" establecido:0 rechazado:0
         LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orcl.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
    Manejador(es):
      "DEDICATED" establecido:2 rechazado:0 estado:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
El servicio "orclXDB.carver-as.com" tiene 1 instancia(s).
  La instancia "orcl", con estado READY, tiene 1 manejador(es) para este servicio...
    Manejador(es):
      "D000" establecidos:0 rechazados:0 actuales:0 mßximo:1022 estado:ready
         DISPATCHER <machine: DPEREZD, pid: 12252>
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT=1825))
El comando ha terminado correctamente

c：\ oracle \ dperezd \ virtual \ product \ 12.2.0 \ dbhome_1 \ network \ admin \ tsnames.ora：

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr12.dll")
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DPEREZD.carver-as.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

c：\ oracle \ dperezd \ virtual \ product \ 12.2.0 \ dbhome_1 \ network \ admin \ sqlnet.ora：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))


ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = CLRExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.carver-as.com)
    )
  )

我已经了解到设置TNS_ADMIN环境变量可能会有所帮助，所以在Windows中，我做到了：

# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\dperezd\virtual\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to 
# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native 
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

无济于事，问题仍然存在。

好的，我希望这些信息对任何人都有帮助。

这真的很奇怪，因为该服务已启动并且正在运行，并且ping正常，并且带有完整参数集的sqlplus可以连接，但是单独使用sqlplus不管我做什么。

谢谢。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

在大多数情况下，您在本地安装上获得TNS:protocol adapter error的原因是变量ORACLE_SID的设置不正确。

例如，在我的本地安装中：

我的实际变量：

CMD> set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=PRDDB

测试连接：

CMD> sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:35:49 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba

Connesso a:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> exit
Disconnesso da Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

更改ORACLE_SID 

CMD> set ORACLE_SID=TEST

CMD>set ora
ORACLE_HOME=C:\app\database_12\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=TEST

测试连接 

CMD> sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Gio Ago 9 16:36:17 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Immettere il nome utente: /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: errore dell'adattatore del protocollo


Immettere il nome utente:

您可以检查的另一件事是PATH变量，并确保在客户回家之前已设置ORACLE_HOME。

希望这会有所帮助。

答案 1 :(得分：0)

让我们这样做：
1.打开Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
2.在“本地网络服务名称配置”中选择单选按钮选项，然后单击“下一步”
3.在“重新配置”中选择单选按钮选项，然后单击下一步
4.选择要重新配置的网络服务名称，ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA或ORCL，然后单击“下一步”
5.输入您的服务名称，如果您已安装的oracle的服务名称为ORCL，则将ORCL写入字段，然后单击下一步
6.选择要使用的协议，例如，选择TCP，然后单击“下一步”
7.输入您的Oracle数据库引擎（服务）安装所在的主机名，例如，安装在台式机或笔记本上的主机名，
   然后以localhost身份填写，并填写您的端口号（选择“使用Standar端口号1521”选项），如果使用其他端口，则填写端口号
然后单击下一步。
8.选择是，执行测试，
  如有必要，请更改用户登录
然后点击下一步
9.如果没有，请配置另一个网络服务名称，选择“否”，然后单击下一步
10.单击完成

如果要用于从MS Visual Studio在.net框架上进行连接，则应下载，提取并安装ODTwithODAC183.zip和BuildTools_Full.exe。

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