@Autowired打破了junit测试

时间：2018-08-07 17:59:14

标签： java spring autowired

我已经实现了DAO接口，该接口扩展了JpaRepository。在一种实现中，我需要会话，因此我在sessionFactory中使用了@Autowired批注，这破坏了我的单元测试。如果我不将@Autowired与sessionFactory一起使用，则单元测试将正常工作，但是功能将失败。 这是我实现的带有文件名的代码。

TagDAO.java 

package dao;

//All the imports 

@Repository
public interface TagDAO extends JpaRepository<Tag, Integer> {

public List<Object[]> getTagsWithQuestionCount(Pageable pageable) throws SomeException;
public Long getTagCount() throws SomeException;

public Tag findByTagName(@Param("tagName") String tagName) throws SomeException;

public List<Object[]> getAllTagIdsAndNames() throws SomeException;
public Tag save(Tag tag);
}

TagDAOImpl.java 

package dao.impl;

//All the imports 

public class TagDAOImpl implements TagDAO {


@Autowired
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

@PersistenceContext(unitName = "entityManagerFactory")
EntityManager entityManager;

/**
 * {@inheritDoc}
 */
@Override
public Long getTagCount() throws RFPDatabaseException {

  //implementation
    }
}

/**
 * {@inheritDoc}
 */
@Override
public Tag findByTagName(String tagName) throws RFPDatabaseException {

  //implementation
}

@Override
public List<Object[]> getAllTagIdsAndNames() throws RFPDatabaseException {
//implementation
}

   @Override
public List<Object[]> getTagsWithQuestionCount(Pageable pageable) throws RFPDatabaseException {
   //implementation
    }
}

@Override
public Tag save(Tag tag) {
    Preconditions.checkNotNull(tag, NULL_TAG_MESSAGE);
    Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
    session.beginTransaction();

    session.save(tag);

    session.getTransaction().commit();
    return tag;

}
//Rest are todo because of the JpaRepository extends

@Override
public List<Tag> findAll(Sort sort) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return null;
}

@Override
public List<Tag> findAll(Iterable<Integer> ids) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return null;
}
//........
// A bunch of other methods 
}

TagDAOImplTest.java 

package dao.impl;
//All the imports 

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextHierarchy({ 
  @ContextConfiguration(classes = EntityManagerConfig.class),
  @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
})

public class TagDAOImplTest {
@Mock(name = "entityManager")
private EntityManager entityManagerMock;

@Mock
private CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilderMock;

@Mock
private CriteriaQuery<Tag> criteriaQueryMock;

@Mock
private CriteriaQuery<Long> criteriaQueryMockForTagCount;

@Mock
private CriteriaQuery<Object[]> criteriaQueryMockForGetAllTagIdsAndNames;

@Mock
private Root<Tag> rootTagMock;

@Mock
private Path<Object> pathMock;

@Mock
private Expression<Long> expression;

@Mock
private Predicate predicateMock;

@Mock
private TypedQuery<Tag> typedQueryMock;

@Mock
private TypedQuery<Long> typedQueryMockForTagCount;

@Mock
private TypedQuery<Object[]> typedQueryMockForGetAllTagIdsAndNames;

@InjectMocks
private TagDAOImpl tagDAOImpl;

@Mock
private Tag tag;

@Rule
public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();

/**
 * This method initialize objects for {@link TagDAO} class.
 */
@Before
public void setup() {
    tagDAOImpl = new TagDAOImpl();
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    when(entityManagerMock.getCriteriaBuilder()).thenReturn(criteriaBuilderMock);

}
// All the unit tests
}

beans.xml 

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="sessionFactory"
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
</bean>
<bean id ="tagDAO" class ="dao.impl.TagDAOImpl"/>

applicationContext.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<import resource="beans.xml" />
<import resource="spring-dispatcher-servlet.xml" />

现在，如果我从TagDAOImpl单元中删除@Autowired，则单元测试将失败并出现以下错误

    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:538)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:760)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:206)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.MergedContextConfiguration.getParentApplicationContext(MergedContextConfiguration.java:438)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:117)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:108)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:251)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    ... 25 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'tagDAOImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'sessionFactory': No qualifying bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency [org.hibernate.SessionFactory]: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency [org.hibernate.SessionFactory]: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:569)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:349)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:543)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:776)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:861)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:541)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:108)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:251)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    ... 32 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency [org.hibernate.SessionFactory]: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1406)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1057)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1019)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:566)
    ... 50 more

如果删除@Autowired，我的功能将失败。我研究了很多类似问题的现有解决方案。没有任何帮助。有什么建议吗？

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

  

如果我不将@Autowired与   sessionFactory。

您获得没有@Autowired注释的NPE吗？我希望如此。

如果您需要在Spring上下文的sessionFactory中使用TagDAOImpl，那么显然需要某种类型的依赖注入。在测试中，您要么模拟您的bean，要么使用一个真实的bean，我认为正是您尝试做的，因为我看不到@Mock的任何sessionFactory。

所以我在applicationContext.xml中注意到了您导入 beans.xml。但是您有 Bean.xml，我认为应该将其导入。希望它将解决您的问题。让我们知道不是这种情况。

答案 1 :(得分：0)

您尝试过

@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:**/applicationContext.xml",
                          })
在单元测试类上

将applicationContext xml加载到测试用例中，以便您可以使用Bean。 这将创建类在运行时需要的依赖关系，因此您可能无法获得NPE

答案 2 :(得分：0)

您有：

@Before
public void setup() {
    tagDAOImpl = new TagDAOImpl();
    ...
}

但是与此同时，您在此字段上有@InjectMocks，该字段应该为您初始化tagDAOImpl并注入提供的模拟。在setup中，您实际上创建了TagDAOImpl的全新实例，而没有注入任何bean。这可能是您的问题背后的原因。尝试在您的setup方法中删除该字段的初始化。这可能会有所帮助。并告诉我们是否不是这种情况。无论哪种方式，创建该字段的另一个实例似乎都是多余的。

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