这是示例测试:
import a
import b
import c
import mock
from django.test import TestCase
@mock.patch.object(a, "method_a")
@mock.patch.object(b, "method_b")
@mock.patch.object(c, "method_c")
class SomeTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# I want to set mock_method_a.return_value = 1 once here (or not here, but once)
pass
def test_one(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
mock_method_a.return_value = 1
mock_method_b.return_value = 2
pass # some test stuff
def test_two(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
mock_method_a.return_value = 1
mock_method_b.return_value = 2
pass # some test stuff
def test_three(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
mock_method_a.return_value = 1
mock_method_b.return_value = 2
pass # some test stuff
问题:
我如何避免在TestCase的每个测试中设置“ return_value”的重复代码?
我希望“ setUp”方法中有类似内容。
可能吗?
PS:模拟版本模拟== 1.3.0,Django版本Django == 1.8.4
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您可以在return_value
装饰器中直接设置@mock.patch.object()
:
@mock.patch.object(c, "method_c", return_value=3)
@mock.patch.object(b, "method_b", return_value=2)
@mock.patch.object(a, "method_a", return_value=1)
class SomeTestCase(TestCase):
def test_one(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# do test stuff, return values have been set
def test_two(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# do test stuff, return values have been set
def test_three(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# do test stuff, return values have been set
(注意:当用@mock.patch
装饰时,装饰器是从下往上应用的,因此要使mock_method_a
作为第一个参数传递,您需要使装饰器最接近类定义)。
return_value
的{{1}}关键字参数传递给mock.patch.object()
构造函数。参见mock.patch.object()
documentation:
就像
MagicMock()
一样,patch()
可以使用任意关键字参数来配置它创建的模拟对象。
patch.object()
带有几个可选参数,用于指定Mock
对象的行为:
[...]
Mock
:调用模拟时返回的值。默认情况下,这是一个新的return_value
(在首次访问时创建)。请参阅Mock
属性。
如果您还想避免在测试用例的外部设置 ,或者不喜欢每个测试函数的附加参数,那么还可以创建 patchers return_value
方法中的em>,然后在测试结束时通过通过unittest.TestCase.addCleanup()
method注册回调来再次将其删除。
通过调用the patcher.start()
methods,将修补程序应用于每个测试,该测试将返回新的模拟对象:
setUp
请注意,class SomeTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
patcher_method_a = mock.patch.object(a, "method_a")
self.mock_method_a = patcher_method_a.start()
self.mock_method_a.return_value = 1
patcher_method_b = mock.patch.object(b, "method_b")
self.mock_method_b = patcher_method_b.start()
self.mock_method_b.return_value = 2
patcher_method_c = mock.patch.object(c, "method_c")
self.mock_method_c = patcher_method_c.start()
self.mock_method_c.return_value = 3
# when the test is done, stop **all** patchers
self.addCleanup(mock.patch.stopall)
def test_one(self):
# use self.mock_method_a, etc.
def test_two(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# use self.mock_method_a, etc.
def test_three(self, mock_method_a, mock_method_b, mock_method_c):
# use self.mock_method_a, etc.
方法将停止所有已启动的模拟补丁程序。您还可以传递每个修补程序的mock.patch.stopall()
属性:
.stop
如果必须创建许多此类设置,则可以创建一个帮助程序功能来处理重复的部分:
self.addCleanup(patcher_method_a.stop)
self.addCleanup(patcher_method_b.stop)
self.addCleanup(patcher_method_c.stop)
,也许可以在映射中循环使用它:
def setup_object_patch(testcase, object, target, return_value, attrname=None):
patcher = mock.patch.object(object, target)
mock = patcher.start()
mock.return_value = return_value
setattr(testcase, attrname or f'mock_{target}', mock)
testcase.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
def setUp(self):
mocks = {
# attribute name on test -> object, target, return_value
'mock_method_a': (a, 'method_a', 1),
'mock_method_b': (b, 'method_b', 2),
'mock_method_c': (c, 'method_c', 3),
}
for attrname, params in mocks.items():
setup_object_patch(*params, attrname=attrname)
方法中的patcher.start()
方法使使用继承更加容易,在该方法中,基本测试用例被用作多个测试用例的基础。相同的共享模拟设置。