Question

我正在尝试按照Attach generated CSV file to email and send with Django上的示例来生成CSV文件并通过电子邮件发送。但是，就我而言，我还想保存实际文件，而不仅仅是像示例中那样通过电子邮件发送它。（此外，我正在使用Python 3，而该示例似乎与Python 2有关。）

这是我要运行的Django脚本：

import csv
from collections import OrderedDict
from datetime import datetime
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
from lucy_web.models import Family

# Path of the CSV file to generate and send by email (relative to lucy-web)
FILENAME = 'scripts/nps.csv'


def get_row(family):
    """
    Return a row for the spreadsheet, including the corresponding headers.
    (The actual argument to csv.write.writerow() should be the .values(); the
    .keys() are for the header row). (An OrderedDict is easier to
    read/add to than two separate lists).
    """
    return OrderedDict([
        ("Employee Name", family.employee_name),
        ("Employee Email", family.employee_email),
        ("Employee Alternate Email", family.employee_alternate_email),
        ("Partner Name", family.partner_name),
        ("Partner Email", family.partner_email),
        ("Partner Alternate Email", family.partner_alternate_email),
    ])


def run():
    write_csv_file()
    send_results_by_email(to=['kurt@hicleo.com'])


def write_csv_file(filename=FILENAME):
    """Generate a CSV file with NPS data"""
    with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
        writer = csv.writer(csvfile)

        # Header row; we need to specify an arbitrary family
        writer.writerow(
        get_row(Family.objects.first()).keys())

        for family in Family.objects.all():
            row = get_row(family).values()
            writer.writerow(row)
    print(f"Wrote a CSV file at {filename}")


def send_results_by_email(to, filename=FILENAME):
    """Send an email with the NPS data attached"""
    with open(filename, 'r') as csvfile:
        now = datetime.now().strftime("%m-%d-%Y %H:%M")
        email_message = EmailMessage(
            subject=f"NPS data (collected {now})",
            body=f"Script run with the following settings module: '{settings.SETTINGS_MODULE}'",
            to=to,
            attachments=[('nps.csv', csvfile.getvalue(), 'text/csv')])
        email_message.send()
    print(f"Email sent to {to}!")

但是，当我运行python manage.py runscript nps（其中scripts/nps.py是脚本的位置）时，出现以下错误消息：

Wrote a CSV file at scripts/nps.csv
Exception while running run() in 'scripts.nps'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 28, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 365, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django_extensions/management/email_notifications.py", line 65, in run_from_argv
    super(EmailNotificationCommand, self).run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django_extensions/management/email_notifications.py", line 77, in execute
    super(EmailNotificationCommand, self).execute(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 335, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django_extensions/management/utils.py", line 59, in inner
    ret = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django_extensions/management/commands/runscript.py", line 238, in handle
    run_script(mod, *script_args)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/.local/share/virtualenvs/lucy-web-CVxkrCFK/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django_extensions/management/commands/runscript.py", line 148, in run_script
    mod.run(*script_args)
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/Documents/Dev/lucy2/lucy-web/scripts/nps.py", line 58, in run
    send_results_by_email(to=['kurt@hicleo.com'])
  File "/Users/kurtpeek/Documents/Dev/lucy2/lucy-web/scripts/nps.py", line 84, in send_results_by_email
    attachments=[('nps.csv', csvfile.getvalue(), 'text/csv')])
AttributeError: '_io.TextIOWrapper' object has no attribute 'getvalue'

从https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#text-i-o可以理解，我本质上需要做的是从io.StringIO的输出文件构造内存scripts/nps.csv。我该怎么办？

更新

在回答之后，我将csvfile.getvalue()替换为csvfile.read()。重构后，现在是我的send_results_by_email()函数：

def send_results_by_email(to, filename=FILENAME):
    """Send an email with the NPS data attached"""
    now = datetime.now().strftime("%m-%d-%Y %H:%M")
    email_message = EmailMessage(
        subject=f"NPS data (collected {now})",
        body=f"Script run with the following settings module: '{settings.SETTINGS_MODULE}'",
        to=to)

    with open(filename, newline='') as csvfile:
        email_message.attach('nps.csv', csvfile.read(), 'text/csv')
        email_message.send()
    print(f"Email sent to {to}!")

问题在于它没有发送电子邮件。但是，如果我将csvfile.read()替换为字符串'foobar'，则会收到一封电子邮件：

具有预期的内容：

为什么它不能与简单字符串'foobar'一起使用，而不能与csvfile.read()一起使用？我已经在调试器中打印了内容，并且似乎确实包含了内容，这些内容已经上传到https://file.io/kZkNPq（它是加扰的数据）中。

更新2

发送电子邮件实际上是有效的，唯一的区别是GMail将具有较大附件的电子邮件标识为网络钓鱼，并将其发送到我的垃圾文件夹：

Answer 1

getvalue方法仅在io.StringIO上可用。对于io.TextIOWrapper实例，请使用read方法。

将csvfile.getvalue()更改为csvfile.read()，它应该可以工作。

Answer 2

由于 csvfile 是 _io.TextIOWrapper 对象，因此您必须使用 .read() 方法而不是 getvalue() ，

def send_results_by_email(to, filename=FILENAME):
    """Send an email with the NPS data attached"""
    with open(filename, 'r') as csvfile:
        now = datetime.now().strftime("%m-%d-%Y %H:%M")
        email_message = EmailMessage(
            subject=f"NPS data (collected {now})",
            body=f"Script run with the following settings module: '{settings.SETTINGS_MODULE}'",
            to=to,
            attachments=[('nps.csv', csvfile.read(), 'text/csv')])
        email_message.send()
    print(f"Email sent to {to}!")

如何将现有的CSV文件附加到电子邮件？

2 个答案: