我正在尝试在Tic Tac Toe程序中成为“智能”对手。为此,我创建了一个“可能的获胜”功能,该功能将决定下一轮是否有可能获胜。我在运行此代码时的问题是,在for循环的每次迭代中,可变板似乎都已更改。
我想在每次迭代开始时将电势板重置为原始电板,这就是为什么在循环开始时包括potential_board = board [:]的原因。然后,我编辑potential_board,但是每次循环重复执行时,此变量都不会重置,并且实际上,board也已更改。为什么会这样?
非常感谢!
import random,copy
board = [['o','o',' '],[' ',' ',' '],[' ',' ',' ']]
cols = [['o',' ',' '],['o','',''],['o','','']]
def possible_win(board,player):
""" This function should predict whether a winning move is possible in
the next turn. This could be done by simulating every possible next move
and running check_win() on those positions.
:param board,player: checks a win for the specified player
:return:
"""
spaces = empty_spaces(board)
print('Spaces',spaces)
winning_moves = []
for space in spaces:
potential_board = board[:]
print('PBoard',potential_board)
print(space[0],space[1])
potential_board[space[0]][space[1]] = 'o'
if check_win(potential_board,'o'):
winning_moves.append(space)
return winning_moves
def choose_space(board):
a = True
while a:
col = int(input('Choose your column of 1,2,3: ')) - 1
row = int(input('Choose your row of 1,2,3: ')) - 1
if board[row][col] == ' ':
board[row][col] = 'o'
a = False
else: print('Sorry, try again')
return board
def empty_spaces(board):
empty_spaces = []
ind = 0
for row in board:
ind1 = 0
for space in row:
if space == ' ':
empty_spaces.append((ind, ind1))
ind1 += 1
ind += 1
return empty_spaces
def comp_choose_space(board):
choice = random.choice(empty_spaces(board))
board[choice[0]][choice[1]] = 'x'
return board
def check_win(board,player):
rows = board
columns = construct_cols(board)
for row in board:
# if player fills row win = True
a = ind = 0
for space in row:
if rows[board.index(row)][ind] != player: break
else: a += 1
ind += 1
if a == 3:
return True
for col in columns:
a = ind = 0
for space in col:
if rows[columns.index(col)][ind] != player:
break
else:
a += 1
ind += 1
if a == 3:
return True
if rows[0][0] == player and rows[1][1] == player and rows[2][2] == player \
or rows[0][2] == player and rows[1][1] == player and rows[2][0] == player:
return True
return False
def construct_cols(board):
cols = [['','',''],['','',''],['','','']]
for row in range(len(board)):
for col in range(row):
cols[col][row] = board[row][col] # sounds like this should work
return cols
def print_board(board):
for row in board:
print('| {} {} {} |'.format(row[0],row[1],row[2]))
def main():
turns = 0
board = [[' ',' ',' '],[' ',' ',' '],[' ',' ',' ']]
print_board(board)
win = False
while win == False and turns < 9:
turns += 1
board = choose_space(board)
if check_win(board,'o'): win,winner = True,'won'
board = comp_choose_space(board)
if check_win(board,'x'): win,winner = True,'lost'
print_board(board)
if turns == 9: print('You drew!')
else:
print('{}, you {}'.format('Congratulations' if winner == 'won' else 'Sorry',winner))
print(possible_win(board,'o'))
# print(empty_spaces(board))
# print(check_win(board,'o'))
# print_board(board)
# print(comp_choose_space(board))
# main()
# Future project - make the computer smarter than just randomly choosing a space
# ie seeing how close i am to winning
编辑: 通过使用copy.deepcopy(),我设法解决了这个问题,但是我不明白为什么这样做,而copy.copy()和board [:]不起作用?有人可以解释一下吗?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
这就是copy.deepcopy
的作用。它将遍历该结构,并在其中创建每个可变对象的副本。使用切片[:]
或浅copy
仅复制顶层,而共享每一行的列表。
基本上,如果我们从列表开始:
l = [a, b, c]
shallow = l[:]
shallow2 = copy(l)
deep = deepcopy(l)
这两个shallow
副本仅在l
上运行,而没有在a
,b
或c
上运行。它们都具有值[a, b, c]
,但它们是不同的列表。它们全部都引用相同的a
,b
和c
对象(从他们的角度来看,唯一的变化是引用更多)。
deep
副本已深入并复制了每个元素;它是形状为[deepcopy(a), deepcopy(b), deepcopy(c)]
的新列表,无论这些值变成了什么。