Swift-将类型动态传递给JSONDecoder

时间:2018-07-27 11:38:53

标签: json swift jsondecoder

我正在尝试从具有通用嵌套对象的json对象解码,为此,我想在解码时动态传递类的类型。

例如,我的课堂是EContactModel和ENotificationModel,它们扩展了ObjectModel(和:Codable)。 ENotificationModel可以包含嵌套的ObjectModel(可以是联系人,通知或其他对象模型)。

我有一个这样的字典:

static let OBJECT_STRING_CLASS_MAP = [
        "EContactModel" : EContactModel.self,
        "ENotificationModel" : ENotificationModel.self
...
    ]

我在ENotificationModel中的解码init方法如下:

required init(from decoder: Decoder) throws
    {
        try super.init(from: decoder)
        let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)


    ...
    //decode some fields here
    self.message = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .message)
    ...

    //decode field "masterObject" of generic type ObjectModel
    let cls = ObjectModelTypes.OBJECT_STRING_CLASS_MAP[classNameString]!
    let t = type(of: cls)
    print(cls) //this prints "EContactModel"
    self.masterObject = try values.decodeIfPresent(cls, forKey: .masterObject)
    print(t) //prints ObjectModel.Type
    print(type(of: self.masterObject!)) //prints ObjectModel

}

我也尝试传递type(of:anObjectInstanceFromADictionary),但仍然无法正常工作,但是如果我传递type(of:EContactModel()),它就可以工作。我无法理解这一点,因为两个对象是相同的(即EContactModel的实例)

有解决方案吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您可以使用可选变量声明对象模型,然后让JSONDecoder为您解决。

class ApiModelImage: Decodable {
    let file: String
    let thumbnail_file: String
    ...
}

class ApiModelVideo: Decodable {
    let thumbnail: URL
    let duration: String?
    let youtube_id: String
    let youtube_url: URL
    ...
}

class ApiModelMessage: Decodable {
    let title: String
    let body: String
    let image: ApiModelImage?
    let video: ApiModelVideo?
    ...
}

然后您要做的就是....

if let message = try? JSONDecoder().decode(ApiModelMessage.self, from: data) {
    if let image = message.image {
        print("yay, my message contains an image!")
    }
    if let video = message.video {
        print("yay, my message contains a video!")
    }
}

或者,您可以在调用API代码时使用泛型并指定类型:

func get<T: Decodable>(from endpoint: String, onError: @escaping(_: Error?) -> Void, onSuccess: @escaping (_: T) -> Void) {
    getData(from: endpoint, onError: onError) { (data) in
        do {
            let response = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
            onSuccess(response)
        } catch {
            onError(error)
        }
    }
}

通过这种方式,您只需要确保定义了预期的响应类型即可:

    let successCb = { (_ response: GetUnreadCountsResponse) in
        ...
    }
    ApiRequest().get(from: endpoint, onError: { (_) in 
        ...
    }, onSuccess: successCb)

由于您将SuccessCb定义为需要GetUnreadCountsResponse模型,因此API get方法泛型将在运行时为GetUnreadCountsResponse类型。

祝你好运!