为什么GTK + 3会引发此错误？
(.:11977): Gtk-ERROR **: 21:10:01.149: failed to add UI: Errore alla riga 1 carattere 1: Il documento deve iniziare con un elemento (es. <book>)
从意大利语翻译成英语：
(.:11977): Gtk-ERROR **: 21:10:01.149: failed to add UI: Error on line 1 char 1: Document must begin with an element (e.g. <book>)
该错误表明Rust正在尝试打开一个文件（由Glade创建），该文件为空或语法错误。
我的Rust文件编译没有任何错误：
extern crate gtk;
use gtk::traits::*;
use gtk::Builder;
use gtk::Inhibit;
fn main() {
// Initialise gtk components
if gtk::init().is_err() {
println!("Unable to load GTK.");
return;
}
// Load glade file
let builder = Builder::new_from_string("mainWindow.glade");
// Create Window
let window: gtk::Window = builder.get_object("mainWindow").unwrap();
// Set close event
window.connect_delete_event(|_, _| {
gtk::main_quit();
Inhibit(true)
});
// Show the window and call the main() loop of gtk
window.show_all();
gtk::main();
}
Glade文件为：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.22.1 -->
<interface>
<requires lib="gtk+" version="3.20"/>
<!-- interface-css-provider-path style.css -->
<object class="GtkWindow" id="mainWindow">
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="window_position">center</property>
<property name="default_width">500</property>
<property name="default_height">350</property>
<child type="titlebar">
<object class="GtkHeaderBar">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="title" translatable="yes">rustup-gui</property>
<property name="subtitle" translatable="yes">A simple GUI for rustup.</property>
<property name="show_close_button">True</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkMenuBar">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkMenuItem">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="tooltip_text" translatable="yes">Here you can find some basic action which can be done with rustup.</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Rustup</property>
<property name="use_underline">True</property>
<child type="submenu">
<object class="GtkMenu">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkMenuItem">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="tooltip_text" translatable="yes">Get all the info related to the current rustup installation.</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Info</property>
<property name="use_underline">True</property>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkMenuItem">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Set...</property>
<property name="use_underline">True</property>
<child type="submenu">
<object class="GtkMenu">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkMenuItem">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Default toolchain</property>
<property name="use_underline">True</property>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkBox">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="orientation">vertical</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkBox">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkCheckButton">
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Vervose output (-v)</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">False</property>
<property name="draw_indicator">True</property>
<signal name="toggled" handler="tglVerbose_Toggled" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">0</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkLabel">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Custom command</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">1</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkEntry">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="placeholder_text" translatable="yes">rustup ...</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">True</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">2</property>
</packing>
</child>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">0</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkFrame">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="label_xalign">0.5</property>
<property name="shadow_type">in</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkAlignment">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkTextView" id="txtOutput">
<property name="width_request">100</property>
<property name="height_request">130</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="hexpand">True</property>
<property name="vexpand">True</property>
<property name="editable">False</property>
<property name="monospace">True</property>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</child>
<child type="label">
<object class="GtkLabel">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Console output</property>
</object>
</child>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">True</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">1</property>
</packing>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</interface>
我尝试搜索此错误，但似乎只有我一个人遇到此尴尬错误。也许与我的操作系统有关？我正在使用Pop！_OS，这是System76制作的基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
函数gtk::Builder::new_from_string()需要一个具有完整XML 内容的字符串，而不是文件名。您正在传递"mainWindow.glade"，这不是有效的XML语法，因此会出现错误（在第1行，因为您只写了一行）。
您要拨打的电话：
Builder::new_from_file("mainWindow.glade")
PS ：Rust编译器的一个不错的功能是您可以将文件作为文字字符串包含在内，因此可以编写：
Builder::new_from_string(include_str!("mainWindow.glade"))
，您将把文件的内容编译到程序中。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
当我尝试在Visual Studio 2017或文本编辑器上编辑GUI xml文件并将GUI xml文件运行时，我遇到了同样的问题。
解决方法：
通过Glade设计您的GUI，并根据需要保存（建议使用GtkBuilder文件格式）。
替换为1中保存的文件名。
2.1 c＃，new_from_file（“您的文件名”）
2.1 c ++，gtk_builder_add_from_file（....，“您的文件名”，....）
你真高兴！