如何返回到Java中的代码开头

Question

我目前正在使用Java进行初学者编程课程中的项目。该项目涉及制造自动售货机。从本质上讲，自动售货机会询问您想要什么物品，然后会询问您的钱。每次有人选择某个项目时，该项目的数量都会减少一。我想要做的是使某物品缺货（数量为0）时，代码返回到开头，并再次询问您想要什么物品。我也想这样做，所以如果有人输入了无效的数字，代码也会重新启动。我该怎么做？这是代码。

import java.util.Scanner;

public class VendingMachine {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    Scanner user_input = new Scanner(System.in);

    int potatoChips = 0;
    int cookies = 3;
    int candies = 4;
    int quarters;
    int dimes;
    int nickels;

    System.out.println("Select the number for the item you would like");
    System.out.println("For Potato Chips, Enter 1");
    System.out.println("For Cookies, Enter 2");
    System.out.println("For Candies, Enter 3");
    int itemSelection = user_input.nextInt();

        if (itemSelection == 1) {

            if (potatoChips > 0) {
                potatoChips = potatoChips - 1;
                System.out.println("You chose potato chips.");
                System.out.println("That will be $1.25");
                System.out.println("How many quarters do you have?");
                quarters = user_input.nextInt();
                System.out.println("How many dimes do you have?");
                dimes = user_input.nextInt();
                System.out.println("How many nickels do you have?");
                nickels = user_input.nextInt();

                int nickelsToPennies = (nickels * 5);
                int dimesToPennies = (dimes * 10);
                int quartersToPennies = (quarters * 25);

                int pennies = (nickelsToPennies + dimesToPennies + quartersToPennies);

                if (pennies < 125) {
                    System.out.println("You have not entered enough money. Have a great day.");
                }
                else if (pennies == 125 ) {
                    System.out.println("Here is your snack. Have a great day");
                }
                else {
                    double changeInPennies = (pennies - 125);
                    double change = (changeInPennies / 100);
                    System.out.println("Your change is $" + change + ". Have a great day.");
                }
            } 

            else {
                System.out.println("This item is out of stock. Please select another item.");
            }
        }

        if (itemSelection == 2) {

            if (cookies > 0) {
                cookies = cookies - 1;
                System.out.println("You chose a cookie.");
                System.out.println("That will be $0.85");
                System.out.println("How many quarters do you have?");
                quarters = user_input.nextInt();
                System.out.println("How many dimes do you have?");
                dimes = user_input.nextInt();
                System.out.println("How many nickels do you have?");
                nickels = user_input.nextInt();

                int nickelsToPennies = (nickels * 5);
                int dimesToPennies = (dimes * 10);
                int quartersToPennies = (quarters * 25);

                int pennies = (nickelsToPennies + dimesToPennies + quartersToPennies);

                if (pennies < 85) {
                    System.out.println("You have not entered enough money. Have a great day.");
                }
                else if (pennies == 85 ) {
                    System.out.println("Here is your snack. Have a great day");
                }
                else {
                    double changeInPennies = (pennies - 85);
                    double change = (changeInPennies / 100);
                    System.out.println("Your change is $" + change + ". Have a great day.");
                }
            } 

            else {
                System.out.println("This item is out of stock. Please select another item.");
            }
        }

        if (itemSelection == 3) {

            if (candies > 0) {
                candies = candies - 1;
                System.out.println("You chose a candy.");
                System.out.println("That will be $0.95");
                System.out.println("How many quarters do you have?");
                quarters = user_input.nextInt();
                System.out.println("How many dimes do you have?");
                dimes = user_input.nextInt();
                System.out.println("How many nickels do you have?");
                nickels = user_input.nextInt();

                int nickelsToPennies = (nickels * 5);
                int dimesToPennies = (dimes * 10);
                int quartersToPennies = (quarters * 25);

                int pennies = (nickelsToPennies + dimesToPennies + quartersToPennies);

                if (pennies < 95) {
                    System.out.println("You have not entered enough money. Have a great day.");
                }
                else if (pennies == 95 ) {
                    System.out.println("Here is your snack. Have a great day");
                }
                else {
                    double changeInPennies = (pennies - 95);
                    double change = (changeInPennies / 100);
                    System.out.println("Your change is $" + change + ". Have a great day.");
                }
            } 

            else {
                System.out.println("This item is out of stock. Please select another item.");
            }
        }

        else {
            System.out.println("This is not an item. Please select another item.");
            }
    }
}

Answer 1

您可以使用while循环来实现此目的。

考虑通过以下方式构建代码：

Scanner user_input = new Scanner(System.in);

// This will be used to track if the vending maching is finished or not
boolean isFinished = false;

// Use a while loop, which causes the program to repeat until the variable 
// isFinished is true (see below)
while(isFinished == false) {

    int potatoChips = 0;
    int cookies = 3;
    int candies = 4;
    int quarters;
    int dimes;
    int nickels;

    System.out.println("Select the number for the item you would like");
    System.out.println("For Potato Chips, Enter 1");
    System.out.println("For Cookies, Enter 2");
    System.out.println("For Candies, Enter 3");
    int itemSelection = user_input.nextInt();

    if (itemSelection == 1) {

        if (potatoChips > 0) {
            potatoChips = potatoChips - 1;
            System.out.println("You chose potato chips.");
            System.out.println("That will be $1.25");
            System.out.println("How many quarters do you have?");
            quarters = user_input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("How many dimes do you have?");
            dimes = user_input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("How many nickels do you have?");
            nickels = user_input.nextInt();

            int nickelsToPennies = (nickels * 5);
            int dimesToPennies = (dimes * 10);
            int quartersToPennies = (quarters * 25);

            int pennies = (nickelsToPennies + dimesToPennies + quartersToPennies);

            if (pennies < 125) {
                System.out.println("You have not entered enough money. Have a great day.");
            }
            else if (pennies == 125 ) {
                System.out.println("Here is your snack. Have a great day");
            }
            else {
                double changeInPennies = (pennies - 125);
                double change = (changeInPennies / 100);
                System.out.println("Your change is $" + change + ". Have a great day.");
            }

            // This causes the machine loop to end
            isFinished = true;
        } 

        else {
            System.out.println("This item is out of stock. Please select another item.");
        }
    }

    if (itemSelection == 2) {

        if (cookies > 0) {
            cookies = cookies - 1;
            System.out.println("You chose a cookie.");
            System.out.println("That will be $0.85");
            System.out.println("How many quarters do you have?");
            quarters = user_input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("How many dimes do you have?");
            dimes = user_input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("How many nickels do you have?");
            nickels = user_input.nextInt();

            int nickelsToPennies = (nickels * 5);
            int dimesToPennies = (dimes * 10);
            int quartersToPennies = (quarters * 25);

            int pennies = (nickelsToPennies + dimesToPennies + quartersToPennies);

            if (pennies < 85) {
                System.out.println("You have not entered enough money. Have a great day.");
            }
            else if (pennies == 85 ) {
                System.out.println("Here is your snack. Have a great day");
            }
            else {
                double changeInPennies = (pennies - 85);
                double change = (changeInPennies / 100);
                System.out.println("Your change is $" + change + ". Have a great day.");
            }

            // This causes the machine loop to end
            isFinished = true;
        } 

        else {
            System.out.println("This item is out of stock. Please select another item.");
        }
    }

    if (itemSelection == 3) {

        if (candies > 0) {
            candies = candies - 1;
            System.out.println("You chose a candy.");
            System.out.println("That will be $0.95");
            System.out.println("How many quarters do you have?");
            quarters = user_input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("How many dimes do you have?");
            dimes = user_input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("How many nickels do you have?");
            nickels = user_input.nextInt();

            int nickelsToPennies = (nickels * 5);
            int dimesToPennies = (dimes * 10);
            int quartersToPennies = (quarters * 25);

            int pennies = (nickelsToPennies + dimesToPennies + quartersToPennies);

            if (pennies < 95) {
                System.out.println("You have not entered enough money. Have a great day.");
            }
            else if (pennies == 95 ) {
                System.out.println("Here is your snack. Have a great day");
            }
            else {
                double changeInPennies = (pennies - 95);
                double change = (changeInPennies / 100);
                System.out.println("Your change is $" + change + ". Have a great day.");
            }

            // This causes the machine loop to end
            isFinished = true;
        } 

        else {
            System.out.println("This item is out of stock. Please select another item.");
        }
    }

    else {
        System.out.println("This is not an item. Please select another item.");
    }
}

Answer 2

您必须使用连续的while循环。像这样：

while(true) {
    //collect user input
    //process
}

这样，当处理完您的用户请求后，它就会循环回到开头。如果您想在完成之前将其停止，例如输入错误，则可以使用continue关键字来停止当前循环并返回到开头。 break将使您摆脱整个while循环并结束代码。

Answer 3

我做了一个小例子。基本概念是您可以进行while循环。您可以添加一些内容，例如用于打破循环的附加条件，这可能需要防止无限循环。但是基本概念是，这个迷你示例是在每次有人选择项目时明显减少其项目。如果他们这样做，我们将从该商品的数量中减去1。然后，如果该项等于0，我们将使用CONTINUE语句重新开始循环并要求他们再次选择。我认为您想要的是继续声明。这样一来，您就可以重新开始循环，而不会脱离循环。它与break语句相似，不同之处在于，如果特定条件为“ true”，它不会完全退出循环，而是会再次重新开始循环。当此示例中的1个或两个项目的数量为0时，我们的条件为true：

public class ChapterOneBasics {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
        int butterfinger = 5;
        int bQuantity = 3;
        int snickers = 4;
        int sQuantity = 3;
        Scanner reader = new Scanner(System.in);

        while(true){
             System.out.println("Please select an item (5 for butter finger, 4 for snickers)");
             int item = reader.nextInt();
             if((item == 5 && bQuantity == 0) || (item == 4 && sQuantity == 0)) {
                 System.out.println("We are out of that item!");
                    continue;
        }
             else {
                  if(item == 5) {
                  System.out.println("Here's your butter finger");
                  bQuantity--;
        }
                  else if(item == 4) {
                      System.out.println("Here is your snickers");
                      sQuantity--;
        }
                 else if(item != 5 || item != 4){
                      System.out.println("Enter a valid item");
                      continue;
            }
         }

    }
  }
}

这是您的输出：

Please select an item (5 for butter finger, 4 for snickers)
5
Here's your butter finger
Please select an item (5 for butter finger, 4 for snickers)
5
Here's your butter finger
Please select an item (5 for butter finger, 4 for snickers)
5
Here's your butter finger
Please select an item (5 for butter finger, 4 for snickers)
5
We are out of that item!
Please select an item (5 for butter finger, 4 for snickers)

如您所见，当他们选择我们不在的项目时，continue语句会强制循环重新开始。