我是Haskell的新手,正在尝试使用诸如学习Haskell之类的方法来学习。有人可以解释我的代码有什么问题,因为我还真的不知道如何读取错误消息。到目前为止,我只能说出let语句是不正确的,但是我需要它们以某种方式工作,因为没有它们,(show(typeOf numone / numtwo))只会显示'numone'或'numtwo'的类型,而不会显示从getLine输入的值。
我想做的是比较输入并显示输入的类型,但这是我在没有任何帮助的情况下可以做得到的。
import Data.Typeable
main = do
putStrLn "Enter two statements."
numone <- getLine
numtwo <- getLine
putStrLn $ ("You entered " ++ show numone ++ (show (typeOf numone)) ++ " and " ++ show numone ++ (show (typeOf numone)))
let numone = getLine
let numtwo = getLine
if numone == numtwo
then
putStrLn $ "They are the same and their types are " ++ (show (typeOf numone)) ++ " and " ++ (show (typeOf numtwo))
else
putStrLn $ "They are not the same"
错误消息;
• No instance for (Eq (IO String)) arising from a use of ‘==’
• In the expression: numone == numtwo
In a stmt of a 'do' block:
if numone == numtwo then
putStrLn
$ "They are the same and their types are "
++ (show (typeOf numone)) ++ " and " ++ (show (typeOf numtwo))
else
putStrLn $ "They are not the same"
In the expression:
do putStrLn "Enter two statements."
numone <- getLine
numtwo <- getLine
putStrLn
$ ("You entered "
++
show numone
++
(show (typeOf numone))
++ " and " ++ show numone ++ (show (typeOf numone)))
....
|
10 | if numone == numtwo
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
输出应类似于(取决于getLine的输入);
> You entered A123[String] and B456[String]
> They are the same and their types are [String] and [String]
or
They are not the same
答案 0 :(得分:3)
如果您的代码与问题完全相同,那么第一个问题就是缩进。
除非您使用{ ... ; ... ; ... }
语法,否则缩进在Haskell中很重要(就像在Python中一样)。
第二个问题是getLine
是IO-monad中的一个动作,因此您不能使用let
,而必须使用monadic绑定。
哦,第二个绑定将覆盖第一个。因此,尽管第二次使用该名称并没有错,但这是不好的风格。
第三件事(这不是真正的问题)是,编写的代码将为numone
和numtwo
分配静态类型-并非以某种方式输入不同的值会更改其类型。 getLine
具有类型
getLine :: IO String
因此,您总是将[Char]
(也称为String
)作为类型。
第四个问题是您在第一个输出中使用了两次numone
,而不是numone
和numtwo
。
修改
我根据评论完全删除了第二个输入(以前的let
语句)。
这是更正的程序:
import Data.Typeable
main :: IO ()
main = do
putStrLn "Enter two statements."
numone <- getLine
numtwo <- getLine
putStrLn $ ("You entered " ++ show numone ++ (show (typeOf numone)) ++ " and " ++ show numtwo ++ (show (typeOf numtwo)))
if numone == numtwo then
putStrLn $ "They are the same and their types are " ++ (show (typeOf numone)) ++ " and " ++ (show (typeOf numtwo))
else
putStrLn $ "They are not the same"
return ()
来自ghci
的会话示例:
*Main> main
Enter two statements.
A123
B456
You entered "A123"[Char] and "B456"[Char]
They are not the same
*Main> main
Enter two statements.
A123
A123
You entered "A123"[Char] and "A123"[Char]
They are the same and their types are [Char] and [Char]
*Main>
那应该做你想要的。
让我再次强调:无论做什么,您都会总是获得[Char]
作为类型。您不能基于输入分配动态类型。通常,Haskell类型系统是静态的。虽然有一些Data.Typeable
之类的高级构造,但我不建议初学者使用。您的心理形象应该是“当我编译程序时,Haskell类型检查器将为每个子表达式分配一个静态类型”。您实际上可以通过在REPL中使用:t
向类型检查器询问:
*Main> :t getLine
getLine :: IO String