Question

使用cmake构建项目时出现链接错误。使用makefile（手动生成/没有cmake）在Linux上的构建效果很好，但是Windows构建给我带来了问题。这是一个简单的例子来演示我的方法：

我在同一目录（kernel.cu，kernel.h，main.c）中有3个文件

main.c：

extern void kernel_wrapper();
int main(){
    kernel_wrapper();
}

kernel.h：

#ifndef KERNELH
#define KERNELH 
extern "C" void kernel_wrapper();
#endif

kernel.cu：

#include <stdio.h>
#include "kernel.h"

__global__ void kernel (){
    printf("hello from GPU!");
}

void kernel_wrapper(){
    kernel<<<1,1>>>();
}

我想使用可分离的编译，以便使用外部代码将主机代码与设备代码隔离开。这是我正在使用的CMakeLists.txt文件：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9 FATAL_ERROR)
project(cudatest LANGUAGES C CUDA)
add_executable(c-exec main.c)
add_library(cu-lib STATIC kernel.cu kernel.h)
set_target_properties(cu-lib PROPERTIES CUDA_SEPARABLE_COMPILATION ON)
target_link_libraries(c-exec PUBLIC cu-lib)

库和可执行文件编译成功，但是在进行链接步骤时，会发生以下错误：

cu-lib.lib(kernel.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __cudaRegisterLinkedBi
nary_41_tmpxft_00003dd0_00000000_7_kernel_cpp1_ii_b81a68a1 referenced in function "void _
_cdecl __nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallback(void * *)" (?__nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallback@@YAXP
EAPEAX@Z) [C:\cudatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj]
C:\cudatest\build\Debug\c-exec.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals [C:\cuda
test\build\c-exec.vcxproj]

听起来链接器似乎缺少一些包含到库中的包含文件（可能是cudart？），但是控制台上的链接命令对我来说是正常的，包括静态包含和所有内容：

Link:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64\link.exe /ERRORREP
  ORT:QUEUE /OUT:"C:\cudatest\build\Debug\c-exec.exe" /INCREMENTAL /NOLOGO /LIBPATH:"C:\P
  rogram Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\lib\x64" "Debug\cu-lib.lib" cudart_
  static.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut3
  2.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAc
  cess='false'" /manifest:embed /DEBUG /PDB:"C:/cudatest/build/Debug/c-exec.pdb" /SUBSYST
  EM:CONSOLE /TLBID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:"C:/cudatest/build/Debug/c-exec.lib"
   /MACHINE:X64  /machine:x64 "c-exec.dir\Debug\main.obj"

我现在一无所知。如果我放弃单独的编译（将add_executable参数更改为“ c-exec main.c kernel.h kernel.cu”并跳过库步骤），问题消失了，但是我需要使用单独的编译。

This这个问题看起来与我的问题有关，我尝试应用那里提出的解决方案。在包含行和函数定义未更改之前放置extern。

我将Windows 10与Cmake v3.11.4，CUDA v9.2配合使用，并使用“ cmake -G“ Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64” -T v140选择cmake生成器，因为不支持最新版本的Visual Studio由CUDA开发。

编辑：添加了完整的控制台输出

Build started 12.07.2018 03:03:42.
Project "C:\cudatest\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
Project "C:\cudatest\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (1) is building "C:\cudatest\build\ZERO_
CHECK.vcxproj" (2) on node 1 (default targets).
PrepareForBuild:
  Creating directory "x64\Debug\ZERO_CHECK\".
  Creating directory "x64\Debug\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\".
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Creating "x64\Debug\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild" because "AlwaysCre
  ate" was specified.
CustomBuild:
  Checking Build System
  CMake does not need to re-run because C:/cudatest/build/CMakeFiles/generate.stamp is
   up-to-date.
FinalizeBuildStatus:
  Deleting file "x64\Debug\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild".
  Touching "x64\Debug\ZERO_CHECK\ZERO_CHECK.tlog\ZERO_CHECK.lastbuildstate".
Done Building Project "C:\cudatest\build\ZERO_CHECK.vcxproj" (default targets).

Project "C:\cudatest\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (1) is building "C:\cudatest\build\c-exe
c.vcxproj" (3) on node 1 (default targets).
Project "C:\cudatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj" (3) is building "C:\cudatest\build\cu-lib.v
cxproj" (4) on node 1 (default targets).
PrepareForBuild:
  Creating directory "cu-lib.dir\Debug\".
  Creating directory "C:\cudatest\build\Debug\".
  Creating directory "cu-lib.dir\Debug\cu-lib.tlog\".
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Creating "cu-lib.dir\Debug\cu-lib.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild" because "AlwaysCreate" was
   specified.
CustomBuild:
  Building Custom Rule C:/cudatest/CMakeLists.txt
  CMake does not need to re-run because C:/cudatest/build/CMakeFiles/generate.stamp is
   up-to-date.
AddCudaCompileDeps:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64\cl.exe /E /nolo
  go /showIncludes /TP /D__CUDACC__ /D_WINDOWS /DCMAKE_INTDIR="Debug" /DCMAKE_INTDIR="
  Debug" /D_MBCS /I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\include" /
  I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\bin" /I"C:\Program Files\N
  VIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\include" /I. /FIcuda_runtime.h /c C:\cudatest\
  kernel.cu
Project "C:\cudatest\build\cu-lib.vcxproj" (4) is building "C:\cudatest\build\cu-lib.v
cxproj" (4:2) on node 1 (CudaBuildCore target(s)).
CudaBuildCore:
  Compiling CUDA source file ..\kernel.cu...
  cmd.exe /C "C:\Users\dulls\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpd0a36f1624184bf982dc8082e9a727be.cm
  d"
  "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\bin\nvcc.exe" -gencode=arch
  =compute_30,code=\"sm_30,compute_30\" --use-local-env -ccbin "C:\Program Files (x86)
  \Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64" -x cu -rdc=true -I"C:\Program Files\
  NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\include" -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Compu
  ting Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\include"     --keep-dir x64\Debug -maxrregcount=0  --machine
  64 --compile -cudart static -Xcompiler="/EHsc -Zi -Ob0" -g   -D"_WINDOWS" -D"CMAKE_I
  NTDIR=\"Debug\"" -D"CMAKE_INTDIR=\"Debug\"" -D_MBCS -Xcompiler "/EHsc /W3 /nologo /O
  d /FS /Zi /RTC1 /MDd /GR" -o cu-lib.dir\Debug\kernel.obj "C:\cudatest\kernel.cu"

  C:\cudatest\build>"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\bin\nvcc.
  exe" -gencode=arch=compute_30,code=\"sm_30,compute_30\" --use-local-env -ccbin "C:\P
  rogram Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64" -x cu -rdc=true -I
  "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\include" -I"C:\Program File
  s\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\include"     --keep-dir x64\Debug -maxrregc
  ount=0  --machine 64 --compile -cudart static -Xcompiler="/EHsc -Zi -Ob0" -g   -D"_W
  INDOWS" -D"CMAKE_INTDIR=\"Debug\"" -D"CMAKE_INTDIR=\"Debug\"" -D_MBCS -Xcompiler "/E
  Hsc /W3 /nologo /Od /FS /Zi /RTC1 /MDd /GR" -o cu-lib.dir\Debug\kernel.obj "C:\cudat
  est\kernel.cu"
  kernel.cu
Done Building Project "C:\cudatest\build\cu-lib.vcxproj" (CudaBuildCore target(s)).

Lib:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64\Lib.exe /OUT:"C
  :\cudatest\build\Debug\cu-lib.lib" /NOLOGO /MACHINE:X64  /machine:x64 "cu-lib.dir\De
  bug\kernel.obj"
  cu-lib.vcxproj -> C:\cudatest\build\Debug\cu-lib.lib
FinalizeBuildStatus:
  Deleting file "cu-lib.dir\Debug\cu-lib.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild".
  Touching "cu-lib.dir\Debug\cu-lib.tlog\cu-lib.lastbuildstate".
Done Building Project "C:\cudatest\build\cu-lib.vcxproj" (default targets).

PrepareForBuild:
  Creating directory "c-exec.dir\Debug\".
  Creating directory "c-exec.dir\Debug\c-exec.tlog\".
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Creating "c-exec.dir\Debug\c-exec.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild" because "AlwaysCreate" was
   specified.
CustomBuild:
  Building Custom Rule C:/cudatest/CMakeLists.txt
  CMake does not need to re-run because C:/cudatest/build/CMakeFiles/generate.stamp is
   up-to-date.
ClCompile:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64\CL.exe /c /I"C:
  \Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\include" /Zi /nologo /W3 /WX-
  /Od /Ob0 /D "WIN32" /D "_WINDOWS" /D "CMAKE_INTDIR=\"Debug\"" /D _MBCS /Gm- /RTC1 /M
  Dd /GS /fp:precise /Zc:wchar_t /Zc:forScope /Zc:inline /Fo"c-exec.dir\Debug\\" /Fd"c
  -exec.dir\Debug\vc140.pdb" /Gd /TC /errorReport:queue C:\cudatest\main.c
  main.c
Link:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\x86_amd64\link.exe /ERROR
  REPORT:QUEUE /OUT:"C:\cudatest\build\Debug\c-exec.exe" /INCREMENTAL /NOLOGO /LIBPATH
  :"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.2\lib\x64" "Debug\cu-lib.lib
  " cudart_static.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32
  .lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTUAC:"level='
  asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /manifest:embed /DEBUG /PDB:"C:/cudatest/build/Debug/c-
  exec.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /TLBID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:"C:/cudatest/bu
  ild/Debug/c-exec.lib" /MACHINE:X64  /machine:x64 "c-exec.dir\Debug\main.obj"
     Creating library C:/cudatest/build/Debug/c-exec.lib and object C:/cudatest/build/
  Debug/c-exec.exp
cu-lib.lib(kernel.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __cudaRegisterLinke
dBinary_41_tmpxft_00013688_00000000_7_kernel_cpp1_ii_b81a68a1 referenced in function "
void __cdecl __nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallback(void * *)" (?__nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallb
ack@@YAXPEAPEAX@Z) [C:\cudatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj]
C:\cudatest\build\Debug\c-exec.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals [C:\c
udatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "C:\cudatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Done Building Project "C:\cudatest\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILE
D.


Build FAILED.

"C:\cudatest\build\ALL_BUILD.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
"C:\cudatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj" (default target) (3) ->
(Link target) ->
  cu-lib.lib(kernel.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __cudaRegisterLin
kedBinary_41_tmpxft_00013688_00000000_7_kernel_cpp1_ii_b81a68a1 referenced in function
 "void __cdecl __nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallback(void * *)" (?__nv_cudaEntityRegisterCal
lback@@YAXPEAPEAX@Z) [C:\cudatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj]
  C:\cudatest\build\Debug\c-exec.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals [C:
\cudatest\build\c-exec.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    2 Error(s)

Answer 1

我想我已经解决了这个问题。（感谢您的指导@talonmies）

我不得不使用以下方式强制设备链接

set_property(TARGET c-lib PROPERTY CUDA_RESOLVE_DEVICE_SYMBOLS ON)

它有效！

来自CUDA_RESOLVE_DEVICE_SYMBOLS手册页：

仅CUDA：为特定的静态库启用设备链接   目标

如果设置，将启用在此静态库目标上的设备链接。   通常，设备链接会推迟到共享库或   可执行文件生成，允许多个静态库   同时解析设备符号。

在主机将所有内容链接在一起之前，我仍然不确定为什么我的可执行文件生成代不会触发设备链接。

编辑：：它似乎是known bug，会影响Windows版本，但在Linux上可以正常工作。

将C代码与CUDA链接时，CMake错误

1 个答案: