我只是尝试创建自己的自定义Django用户模型，但是如果我尝试通过前端创建新用户，它将失败：
请求方法：POST请求URL：http://127.0.0.1:8000/signup/ Django 版本：2.1b1异常类型：AttributeError异常值： “经理”对象没有属性“ get_by_natural_key”
首先，我创建了一个新的Django应用"accounts"
然后将以下内容添加到帐户应用程序的models.py中：
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
#User Model Manager
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, username, password=None):
"""
Creates and saves a User with the given username and password.
"""
if not username:
raise ValueError('Error: The User you want to create must have an username, try again')
user = self.model(
user=self.normalize_username(username),
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_staffuser(self, username, password):
"""
Creates and saves a staff user with the given username and password.
"""
user = self.create_user(
username,
password=password,
)
user.staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, username, password):
"""
Creates and saves a superuser with the given username and password.
"""
user = self.create_user(
username,
password=password,
)
user.staff = True
user.admin = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class User(AbstractBaseUser):
user = models.CharField(
verbose_name='username',
max_length=30,
unique=True,
)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a admin user; non super-user
admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a superuser
# notice the absence of a "Password field", that's built in.
USERNAME_FIELD = 'user'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = [] # Username & Password are required by default.
def get_full_name(self):
# The user is identified by their Username address
return self.user
def get_short_name(self):
# The user is identified by their Username address
return self.user
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.user
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"""Does the user have a specific permission?"""
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"""Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"""
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
@property
def is_staff(self):
"""Is the user a member of staff?"""
return self.staff
@property
def is_admin(self):
"""Is the user a admin member?"""
return self.admin
@property
def is_active(self):
"""Is the user active?"""
return self.active
model.py：
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from smartfields import fields
from smartfields.dependencies import FileDependency
from smartfields.processors import ImageProcessor
# Categorys of Post Model
class Category(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="Title")
description = models.TextField(max_length=1000, null=True, blank=True)
cover = fields.ImageField(upload_to='categorycovers/', blank=True, null=True, dependencies=[
FileDependency(processor=ImageProcessor(
format='JPEG', scale={'max_width': 350, 'max_height': 350}))
])
icon = fields.ImageField(upload_to='categoryicons/', blank=True, null=True, dependencies=[
FileDependency(processor=ImageProcessor(
format='JPEG', scale={'max_width': 16, 'max_height': 16}))
])
class Meta:
verbose_name = "Category"
verbose_name_plural = "Categories"
ordering = ['title']
def __str__(self):
return self.title
#Post Model
class Post(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey('accounts.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
title = models.CharField(max_length=75)
content = models.TextField(max_length=10000)
tag = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
category = models.ForeignKey(Category, verbose_name="Category", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
postattachment = fields.FileField(upload_to='postattachment/%Y/%m/%d/', blank=True ,null=True)
postcover = fields.ImageField(upload_to='postcover/%Y/%m/%d/', null=True, dependencies=[
FileDependency(processor=ImageProcessor(
format='JPEG', scale={'max_width': 200, 'max_height': 200}))
])
created_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
published_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
def publish(self):
self.published_date = timezone.now()
self.save()
class Meta:
ordering = ["-title"]
def __str__(self):
return self.title
#Comment(s) of Post Model
class Comment(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey('accounts.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
post=models.ForeignKey(Post, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
content = models.TextField()
created_date = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)
published_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
def publish(self):
self.published_date = timezone.now()
self.save()
def __str__(self):
return self.text
此后，我跳回到settings.py并将自定义用户模型添加到我的实际博客应用程序中：
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'accounts.User'
我也添加了
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'accounts',
...
]
我不想为用户提供任何电子邮件地址。我只是简单地只希望通过用户名对它们进行身份验证...
有任何提示吗？谢谢：）
答案 0 :(得分：1)
Django AbstractBaseUser类没有字段username
在声明中声明一个用户名字段并将其命名为user
但是USERNAME_FIELD是username
像这样更改模型
class User(AbstractBaseUser):
user = models.CharField(
verbose_name='username',
max_length=30,
unique=True,
)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a admin user; non super-user
admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a superuser
USERNAME_FIELD = 'user'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = [] # Username & Password are required by default.
...
您还可以将用户模型中的用户字段重命名为用户名并解决问题。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
在错误django.core.exceptions.FieldError: Unknown field(s) (username) specified for User中，Django抱怨您的自定义username模型中的未知字段User，您没有username字段，但您声明了USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
简单的解决方案是将您的user字段重命名为username 。
如果出于某种原因需要该名称（user，则应将username和user中的get_full_name更改为get_short_name，也不要忘记在create_user（user = self.model(user =self.normalize_username(username),)）
尝试：
将所有创建的用户重命名为其他名称（例如my_user），因为您必须拖曳两个具有相同名称的变量（USERNAME_FIELD和创建的用户）
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
#User Model Manager
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, user, password=None):
"""
Creates and saves a User with the given username and password.
"""
if not user:
raise ValueError('Error: The User you want to create must have an username, try again')
my_user = self.model(
user=self.normalize_username(user),
)
my_user.set_password(password)
my_user.save(using=self._db)
return my_user
def create_staffuser(self, user, password):
"""
Creates and saves a staff user with the given username and password.
"""
my_user = self.create_user(
user,
password=password,
)
my_user.staff = True
my_user.save(using=self._db)
return my_user
def create_superuser(self, user, password):
"""
Creates and saves a superuser with the given username and password.
"""
my_user = self.create_user(
user,
password=password,
)
my_user.staff = True
my_user.admin = True
my_user.save(using=self._db)
return my_user
class User(AbstractBaseUser):
user = models.CharField(
verbose_name='username',
max_length=30,
unique=True,
)
active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
staff = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a admin user; non super-user
admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a superuser
# notice the absence of a "Password field", that's built in.
USERNAME_FIELD = 'user'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = [] # Username & Password are required by default.
def get_full_name(self):
# The user is identified by their Username address
return self.user
def get_short_name(self):
# The user is identified by their Username address
return self.user
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.user
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"""Does the user have a specific permission?"""
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"""Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"""
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
@property
def is_staff(self):
"""Is the user a member of staff?"""
return self.staff
@property
def is_admin(self):
"""Is the user a admin member?"""
return self.admin
@property
def is_active(self):
"""Is the user active?"""
return self.active
您的settings.py文件看起来不错。
我希望这会有所帮助。