如何使用kubernetes中的fluentd将不同的应用程序日志获取到Elasticsearch

时间:2018-06-28 12:35:16

标签: elasticsearch logging kubernetes fluentd efk

我正在使用fluentd daemonset将kubernetes日志发送到Elasticsearch / Kibana,它工作正常。现在的问题是,有3 4个应用程序在kubernetes中运行,它们具有不同的日志模式,这些应用程序在pod中运行,并且pod正在写入stdout。我应该如何使用流利的软件捕获来自不同应用程序的这些日志并转发到ES?

我想用应用程序名称标记不同的应用程序日志。如果可能,请提供流利的配置块以实现相同的目的。

任何帮助都是有意义的。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

当然!检查此ConfigMap,我相信您在群集中的某个位置也是如此:

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: fluentd-es-config-debug
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
  system.conf: |-
    <system>
      root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/
    </system>

  containers.input.conf: |-
    # This configuration file for Fluentd / td-agent is used
    # to watch changes to Docker log files. The kubelet creates symlinks that
    # capture the pod name, namespace, container name & Docker container ID
    # to the docker logs for pods in the /var/log/containers directory on the host.
    # If running this fluentd configuration in a Docker container, the /var/log
    # directory should be mounted in the container.
    #
    # These logs are then submitted to Elasticsearch which assumes the
    # installation of the fluent-plugin-elasticsearch & the
    # fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter plugins.
    # See https://github.com/uken/fluent-plugin-elasticsearch &
    # https://github.com/fabric8io/fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter for
    # more information about the plugins.
    #
    # Example
    # =======
    # A line in the Docker log file might look like this JSON:
    #
    # {"log":"2014/09/25 21:15:03 Got request with path wombat\n",
    #  "stream":"stderr",
    #   "time":"2014-09-25T21:15:03.499185026Z"}
    #
    # The time_format specification below makes sure we properly
    # parse the time format produced by Docker. This will be
    # submitted to Elasticsearch and should appear like:
    # $ curl 'http://elasticsearch-logging:9200/_search?pretty'
    # ...
    # {
    #      "_index" : "logstash-2014.09.25",
    #      "_type" : "fluentd",
    #      "_id" : "VBrbor2QTuGpsQyTCdfzqA",
    #      "_score" : 1.0,
    #      "_source":{"log":"2014/09/25 22:45:50 Got request with path wombat\n",
    #                 "stream":"stderr","tag":"docker.container.all",
    #                 "@timestamp":"2014-09-25T22:45:50+00:00"}
    #    },
    # ...
    #
    # The Kubernetes fluentd plugin is used to write the Kubernetes metadata to the log
    # record & add labels to the log record if properly configured. This enables users
    # to filter & search logs on any metadata.
    # For example a Docker container's logs might be in the directory:
    #
    #  /var/lib/docker/containers/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b
    #
    # and in the file:
    #
    #  997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b-json.log
    #
    # where 997599971ee6... is the Docker ID of the running container.
    # The Kubernetes kubelet makes a symbolic link to this file on the host machine
    # in the /var/log/containers directory which includes the pod name and the Kubernetes
    # container name:
    #
    #    synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #    ->
    #    /var/lib/docker/containers/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b/997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b-json.log
    #
    # The /var/log directory on the host is mapped to the /var/log directory in the container
    # running this instance of Fluentd and we end up collecting the file:
    #
    #   /var/log/containers/synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #
    # This results in the tag:
    #
    #  var.log.containers.synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #
    # The Kubernetes fluentd plugin is used to extract the namespace, pod name & container name
    # which are added to the log message as a kubernetes field object & the Docker container ID
    # is also added under the docker field object.
    # The final tag is:
    #
    #   kubernetes.var.log.containers.synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod_default_synth-lgr-997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b.log
    #
    # And the final log record look like:
    #
    # {
    #   "log":"2014/09/25 21:15:03 Got request with path wombat\n",
    #   "stream":"stderr",
    #   "time":"2014-09-25T21:15:03.499185026Z",
    #   "kubernetes": {
    #     "namespace": "default",
    #     "pod_name": "synthetic-logger-0.25lps-pod",
    #     "container_name": "synth-lgr"
    #   },
    #   "docker": {
    #     "container_id": "997599971ee6366d4a5920d25b79286ad45ff37a74494f262e3bc98d909d0a7b"
    #   }
    # }
    #
    # This makes it easier for users to search for logs by pod name or by
    # the name of the Kubernetes container regardless of how many times the
    # Kubernetes pod has been restarted (resulting in a several Docker container IDs).

    # Json Log Example:
    # {"log":"[info:2016-02-16T16:04:05.930-08:00] Some log text here\n","stream":"stdout","time":"2016-02-17T00:04:05.931087621Z"}
    # CRI Log Example:
    # 2016-02-17T00:04:05.931087621Z stdout F [info:2016-02-16T16:04:05.930-08:00] Some log text here
    <source>
      @id fluentd-containers.log
      @type tail
      path /var/log/containers/*.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-containers.log.pos
      time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ
      tag raw.kubernetes.*
      format json
      read_from_head true
    </source>

    # Detect exceptions in the log output and forward them as one log entry.
    <match raw.kubernetes.**>
      @id raw.kubernetes
      @type detect_exceptions
      remove_tag_prefix raw
      message log
      stream stream
      multiline_flush_interval 5
      max_bytes 500000
      max_lines 1000
    </match>

  system.input.conf: |-
    # Example:
    # 2015-12-21 23:17:22,066 [salt.state       ][INFO    ] Completed state [net.ipv4.ip_forward] at time 23:17:22.066081
    <source>
      @id minion
      @type tail
      format /^(?<time>[^ ]* [^ ,]*)[^\[]*\[[^\]]*\]\[(?<severity>[^ \]]*) *\] (?<message>.*)$/
      time_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
      path /var/log/salt/minion
      pos_file /var/log/salt.pos
      tag salt
    </source>

    # Example:
    # Dec 21 23:17:22 gke-foo-1-1-4b5cbd14-node-4eoj startupscript: Finished running startup script /var/run/google.startup.script
    <source>
      @id startupscript.log
      @type tail
      format syslog
      path /var/log/startupscript.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-startupscript.log.pos
      tag startupscript
    </source>

    # Examples:
    # time="2016-02-04T06:51:03.053580605Z" level=info msg="GET /containers/json"
    # time="2016-02-04T07:53:57.505612354Z" level=error msg="HTTP Error" err="No such image: -f" statusCode=404
    # TODO(random-liu): Remove this after cri container runtime rolls out.
    <source>
      @id docker.log
      @type tail
      format /^time="(?<time>[^)]*)" level=(?<severity>[^ ]*) msg="(?<message>[^"]*)"( err="(?<error>[^"]*)")?( statusCode=($<status_code>\d+))?/
      path /var/log/docker.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-docker.log.pos
      tag docker
    </source>

    # Example:
    # 2016/02/04 06:52:38 filePurge: successfully removed file /var/etcd/data/member/wal/00000000000006d0-00000000010a23d1.wal
    <source>
      @id etcd.log
      @type tail
      # Not parsing this, because it doesn't have anything particularly useful to
      # parse out of it (like severities).
      format none
      path /var/log/etcd.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-etcd.log.pos
      tag etcd
    </source>

    # Multi-line parsing is required for all the kube logs because very large log
    # statements, such as those that include entire object bodies, get split into
    # multiple lines by glog.

    # Example:
    # I0204 07:32:30.020537    3368 server.go:1048] POST /stats/container/: (13.972191ms) 200 [[Go-http-client/1.1] 10.244.1.3:40537]
    <source>
      @id kubelet.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/kubelet.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-kubelet.log.pos
      tag kubelet
    </source>

    # Example:
    # I1118 21:26:53.975789       6 proxier.go:1096] Port "nodePort for kube-system/default-http-backend:http" (:31429/tcp) was open before and is still needed
    <source>
      @id kube-proxy.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/kube-proxy.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-kube-proxy.log.pos
      tag kube-proxy
    </source>

    # Example:
    # I0204 07:00:19.604280       5 handlers.go:131] GET /api/v1/nodes: (1.624207ms) 200 [[kube-controller-manager/v1.1.3 (linux/amd64) kubernetes/6a81b50] 127.0.0.1:38266]
    <source>
      @id kube-apiserver.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/kube-apiserver.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-kube-apiserver.log.pos
      tag kube-apiserver
    </source>

    # Example:
    # I0204 06:55:31.872680       5 servicecontroller.go:277] LB already exists and doesn't need update for service kube-system/kube-ui
    <source>
      @id kube-controller-manager.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/kube-controller-manager.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-kube-controller-manager.log.pos
      tag kube-controller-manager
    </source>

    # Example:
    # W0204 06:49:18.239674       7 reflector.go:245] pkg/scheduler/factory/factory.go:193: watch of *api.Service ended with: 401: The event in requested index is outdated and cleared (the requested history has been cleared [2578313/2577886]) [2579312]
    <source>
      @id kube-scheduler.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/kube-scheduler.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-kube-scheduler.log.pos
      tag kube-scheduler
    </source>

    # Example:
    # I1104 10:36:20.242766       5 rescheduler.go:73] Running Rescheduler
    <source>
      @id rescheduler.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/rescheduler.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-rescheduler.log.pos
      tag rescheduler
    </source>

    # Example:
    # I0603 15:31:05.793605       6 cluster_manager.go:230] Reading config from path /etc/gce.conf
    <source>
      @id glbc.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/glbc.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-glbc.log.pos
      tag glbc
    </source>

    # Example:
    # I0603 15:31:05.793605       6 cluster_manager.go:230] Reading config from path /etc/gce.conf
    <source>
      @id cluster-autoscaler.log
      @type tail
      format multiline
      multiline_flush_interval 5s
      format_firstline /^\w\d{4}/
      format1 /^(?<severity>\w)(?<time>\d{4} [^\s]*)\s+(?<pid>\d+)\s+(?<source>[^ \]]+)\] (?<message>.*)/
      time_format %m%d %H:%M:%S.%N
      path /var/log/cluster-autoscaler.log
      pos_file /var/log/es-cluster-autoscaler.log.pos
      tag cluster-autoscaler
    </source>

    # Logs from systemd-journal for interesting services.
    # TODO(random-liu): Remove this after cri container runtime rolls out.
    <source>
      @id journald-docker
      @type systemd
      filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "docker.service" }]
      <storage>
        @type local
        persistent true
      </storage>
      read_from_head true
      tag docker
    </source>

    <source>
      @id journald-container-runtime
      @type systemd
      filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "{{ container_runtime }}.service" }]
      <storage>
        @type local
        persistent true
      </storage>
      read_from_head true
      tag container-runtime
    </source>

    <source>
      @id journald-kubelet
      @type systemd
      filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "kubelet.service" }]
      <storage>
        @type local
        persistent true
      </storage>
      read_from_head true
      tag kubelet
    </source>

    <source>
      @id journald-node-problem-detector
      @type systemd
      filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "node-problem-detector.service" }]
      <storage>
        @type local
        persistent true
      </storage>
      read_from_head true
      tag node-problem-detector
    </source>

  forward.input.conf: |-
    # Takes the messages sent over TCP
    <source>
      @type forward
    </source>

  monitoring.conf: |-
    # Prometheus Exporter Plugin
    # input plugin that exports metrics
    <source>
      @type prometheus
    </source>

    <source>
      @type monitor_agent
    </source>

    # input plugin that collects metrics from MonitorAgent
    <source>
      @type prometheus_monitor
      <labels>
        host ${hostname}
      </labels>
    </source>

    # input plugin that collects metrics for output plugin
    <source>
      @type prometheus_output_monitor
      <labels>
        host ${hostname}
      </labels>
    </source>

    # input plugin that collects metrics for in_tail plugin
    <source>
      @type prometheus_tail_monitor
      <labels>
        host ${hostname}
      </labels>
    </source>

  output.conf: |-
    # Enriches records with Kubernetes metadata
    <filter kubernetes.**>
      @type kubernetes_metadata
    </filter>

    <match **>
      @id elasticsearch
      @type elasticsearch
      @log_level info
      include_tag_key true
      host elasticsearch-logging
      port 9200
      logstash_format true
      <buffer>
        @type file
        path /var/log/fluentd-buffers/kubernetes.system.buffer
        flush_mode interval
        retry_type exponential_backoff
        flush_thread_count 2
        flush_interval 5s
        retry_forever
        retry_max_interval 30
        chunk_limit_size 2M
        queue_limit_length 8
        overflow_action block
      </buffer>
    </match>

阅读注释,假设您已通读流利的https://docs.fluentd.org/v1.0/articles/quickstart文档,它们可能会帮助您实现所需的目标。

还要记住,根据您需要应用的方案记录日志分析更改,因此以上是我能想到的最佳示例(引用自https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch/fluentd-es-configmap.yaml)。