这可能是很多代码，对不起。我现在要离开工作，所以如果有人有解决方案，或者可以在本地运行该解决方案并为我提供帮助，那我可能不会立即答复。
我以前从未使用后端PHP（我通常只是前端）来完成其中一种表单提交。我收到此400错误的请求错误，我不确定该怎么做。我将PHP与代码段分开放置，因为在代码段中没有可以播放PHP代码的地方。
我的目录结构是这样：
public(root):
-(inside public) assets/js/mailer.js
-(inside public) mailer.php
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#submit").on('click', function() {
var name = $("#name").val();
var email = $("#email").val();
var phone = $("#phone").val();
var institution = $('#institution').val();
var message = $("#message").val();
$("#returnmessage").empty(); // To empty previous error/success message.
// Checking for blank fields.
if (name == '' || email == '' || phone == '' || institution == '' || message == '') {
alert("Please Fill Required Fields");
} else {
// Returns successful data submission message when the entered information is stored in database.
$.post("../../mailer.php", {
name1: name,
email1: email,
institution1: institution,
contact1: phone,
message1: message
},
function(data) {
$("#returnmessage").append(data); // Append returned message to message paragraph.
if (data == "Your message was received. We will contact you shortly.") {
$("#ajax-contact")[0].reset(); // To reset form fields on success.
}
});
}
});
});<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<form id="ajax-contact" method="post" action="mailer.php" class="mu-contact-form">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 input-field-name form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control scroll-left" placeholder="Name" id="name" name="name" required>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 input-field-email form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control scroll-right" placeholder="Email" id="email" name="email" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="tel" class="form-control scroll-bottom" placeholder="Phone" id="phone" name="phone" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control scroll-bottom" placeholder="Institution / Organization" id="institution" name="institution" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<textarea class="form-control scroll-bottom" placeholder="Message" id="message" name="message" required></textarea>
</div>
<p id="returnmessage"></p>
<input type="button" id="submit" class="submit scroll-top"><span>Submit</span></input>
</form>
以下是PHP：
<?php
// My modifications to mailer script from:
// http://blog.teamtreehouse.com/create-ajax-contact-form
// Added input sanitizing to prevent injection
// Only process POST reqeusts.
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// Get the form fields and remove whitespace.
$name = strip_tags(trim($_POST["name"]));
$name = str_replace(array("\r","\n"),array(" "," "),$name);
$institution = trim($_POST["institution"]);
$phone = trim($_POST["phone"]);
$email = filter_var(trim($_POST["email"]), FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL);
// $cont_subject = trim($_POST["subject"]);
$message = trim($_POST["message"]);
$required = "This field is required";
// Check that data was sent to the mailer.
if ( empty($name) OR empty($institution) OR empty($phone) OR empty($message) OR !filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
// Set a 400 (bad request) response code and exit.
http_response_code(400);
echo $required;
exit;
}
// Set the recipient email address.
// FIXME: Update this to your desired email address.
$recipient = "example@example.com";
// Set the email subject.
$subject = "New message from: $name ($email)";
// Build the email content.
$email_content = "Name: $name\n";
$email_content .= "Institution: $institution\n";
$email_content .= "Email: $email\n";
$email_content .= "Phone: $phone\n\n";
$email_content .= "Message:\n$message";
// Build the email headers.
$email_headers = "From: $name <$email>";
// Send the email.
if (mail($recipient, $subject, $email_content, $email_headers)) {
echo "Thank You! Your message has been sent.";
} else {
echo "Something went wrong and we couldn't send your message.";
}
}
else {
echo "There was a problem with your submission, please try again.";
}
?>
答案 0 :(得分：2)
我测试了您的代码-参见下文。那里有一些问题，我将在评论中进行详细描述。只需搜索@todo，@see和@link。
我故意清空变量$recipient，并在“ mailer.php”末尾注释了邮件发送部分。因此，填写$recipient的值，然后取消注释邮件发送部分，以便进行测试。
我试图只更改必要的代码部分。
P.S： headers 主题乍一看并不容易。因此，随时向我提问，我会尽力在SO聊天中向您解释。
public / index.php：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=yes" />
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<!-- The above 3 meta tags must come first in the head -->
<title>Demo</title>
<!-- CSS assets -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/mailer.css">
<!-- JS assets -->
<!-- @todo Loaded needed js resources and mailer.js -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/mailer.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- @todo Added container. -->
<div class="container">
<!-- @todo Added header. -->
<header>
<h2>
Demo
</h2>
</header>
<form id="ajax-contact" method="post" action="mailer.php" class="mu-contact-form">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 input-field-name form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control scroll-left" placeholder="Name" id="name" name="name" required>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 input-field-email form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control scroll-right" placeholder="Email" id="email" name="email" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="tel" class="form-control scroll-bottom" placeholder="Phone" id="phone" name="phone" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control scroll-bottom" placeholder="Institution / Organization" id="institution" name="institution" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<textarea class="form-control scroll-bottom" placeholder="Message" id="message" name="message" required></textarea>
</div>
<p id="returnmessage"></p>
<!-- @todo Changed button bec. the "input" code was wrong - it didn't fire the onclick event. -->
<button type="button" id="submit" class="btn btn-success">
<span>Submit</span>
</button>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
public / assets / js / mailer.js：
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#submit").on('click', function () {
var name = $("#name").val();
var email = $("#email").val();
var phone = $("#phone").val();
var institution = $('#institution').val();
var message = $("#message").val();
$("#returnmessage").empty(); // To empty previous error/success message.
// Checking for blank fields.
if (name == '' || email == '' || phone == '' || institution == '' || message == '') {
alert("Please Fill Required Fields");
} else {
// Returns successful data submission message when the entered information is stored in database.
/*
* @todo Changed the path to "mailer.php" because the path must be relative
* to the including page (here "index.php"), not to the included file (here "mailer.js").
* @todo Changed "name1" to "name", etc, because see mailer.php @todos.
* @todo Added the "fail" callback. Why? Because:
* The page "mailer.php" throws a 420 (earlier 400) response header (from the "if" statement),
* which is read by the browser and, based on its code (420), recognized as an error. So,
* the browser activates the "fail" callback.
* From the jQuery website: "If a request with jQuery.post() returns an error code,
* it will fail silently". So you must define a "fail" callback to handle the eventual errors.
*
* Note that, if the status code of the response is a custom one (420), defined by
* the developer, then the corresponding error message is to be displayed.
* Otherwise, e.g. if a system error occurres, the displayed message must
* be a general, user-friendly one. So that no system-related infos will be shown to any user!
*
* Try to toggle between 420 and 400 in "mailer.php", in order to
* see which error message is displayed in the "fail" callback.
*
* @link https://api.jquery.com/jQuery.post/ jQuery.post().
* @link https://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/ jQuery.ajax().
*/
$.post("mailer.php", {
name: name,
email: email,
institution: institution,
contact: phone,
message: message
}, function (data) {
//@todo Added this line. It adds a "success" class to the "returnmessage" container.
$("#returnmessage").removeClass('error').addClass('success');
$("#returnmessage").append(data); // Append returned message to message paragraph.
$("#ajax-contact")[0].reset(); // To reset form fields on success.
}).fail(function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
var message;
if (jqXHR.status === 420) {
// The status code of the response is a custom one (420).
message = jqXHR.statusText;
} else {
/*
* A system error occurred. E.g. the status code of the response is set by
* the system. For example a 400 code (described with the text "Bad Request").
*/
message = 'An error occurred during your request. Please try again, or contact us.';
}
//@todo Added this line. It adds an "error" class to the "returnmessage" container.
$("#returnmessage").removeClass('success').addClass('error');
$("#returnmessage").append(message);
});
}
});
});
public / assets / css / mailer.css：
#returnmessage.error {
color: #c00;
}
#returnmessage.success {
color: #3adb76;
}
public / mailer.php：
<?php
// My modifications to mailer script from:
// http://blog.teamtreehouse.com/create-ajax-contact-form
// Added input sanitizing to prevent injection
// Only process POST reqeusts.
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
/*
* @todo This part activated a "400 bad Request" error because, for example,
* you've sent "name1" from ajax, but here you are referencing the "name".
* @see The comment marked with [*] bellow.
*/
// Get the form fields and remove whitespace.
$name = strip_tags(trim($_POST["name"]));
$name = str_replace(array("\r", "\n"), array(" ", " "), $name);
$institution = trim($_POST["institution"]);
//@todo Changed from "phone" to "contact", because "contact" were posted, not "phone".
$phone = trim($_POST["contact"]);
$email = filter_var(trim($_POST["email"]), FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL);
// $cont_subject = trim($_POST["subject"]);
$message = trim($_POST["message"]);
// Check that data was sent to the mailer.
/*
* @todo Try to use the logical operator "||" instead of "OR", "&&" instead of "AND", etc.
* @link https://secure.php.net/manual/en/language.operators.logical.php Logical Operators.
*/
if (
empty($name) ||
empty($institution) ||
empty($phone) ||
empty($message) ||
!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)
) {
/*
* @todo
*
* [*] This code triggered the 400 header because
* the values posted by ajax were undefined.
*
* I changed to "header(...)" instead of "http_response_code(...)" + "echo ...".
*
* I changed 400 to 420 because 400 is a code
* reserved by the system. See the rule bellow:
*
* This custom response header triggers the ajax error (see the "fail" callback in the js file)
* because the status code begins with 4xx (which corresponds to the "client errors"). Here is
* defined "420" as the custom status code. One can choose whatever code between 401-499 which
* is not officially assigned, e.g. which is marked as "Unassigned" in the official
* HTTP Status Code Registry. See the link.
*
* @link https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml HTTP Status Code Registry.
*/
// Send a 420 custom response header (to the browser) and exit.
header('HTTP/1.1 420 This field is required');
exit();
}
// Set the recipient email address.
// FIXME: Update this to your desired email address.
/*
* @todo Don't post sensible info on public websites!
* I deleted the email address. Fill it on your system.
*/
$recipient = "";
// Set the email subject.
$subject = "New message from: $name ($email)";
// Build the email content.
$email_content = "Name: $name\n";
$email_content .= "Institution: $institution\n";
$email_content .= "Email: $email\n";
$email_content .= "Phone: $phone\n\n";
$email_content .= "Message:\n$message";
// Build the email headers.
$email_headers = "From: $name <$email>";
// Send the email.
//@todo Uncomment only after assigning an email address to the "$recipient" variable.
// $mailSent = mail($recipient, $subject, $email_content, $email_headers);
/*
* @todo You can toggle between TRUE and FALSE to test, then delete
* this line after activating the line "$mailSent = ..." above.
*/
$mailSent = TRUE;
if ($mailSent) {
echo "Thank You! Your message has been sent.";
} else {
/*
* @todo Here too: Throw a custom response header instead of just printing a text.
* This way the header will be treated as error by the browser, which will manage
* it with the "fail" callback of the ajax request.
*/
// Send a 420 custom response header (to the browser) and exit.
header('HTTP/1.1 420 Something went wrong and we could not send your message.');
exit();
}
} else {
/*
* @todo Here too: Throw a custom response header instead of just printing a text.
* This way the header will be treated as error by the browser, which will manage
* it with the "fail" callback of the ajax request.
*/
// Send a 420 custom response header (to the browser) and exit.
header('HTTP/1.1 420 There was a problem with your submission. Please try again.');
exit();
}