我有几个大小不同的时间向量,还有一个第二次采样的时间向量。
我试图找到最接近元素$ i ^ {th} $的点,但是这种方法非常慢。
for (i in 1:length(SamplingTime)){
which.min(abs(SamplingTime[i]-rTime1))
}
此外,我想知道是否有人知道如何找到与SamplingTime的i元素最接近的两个数据点。我最初的方法是将posix格式转换为数字1,然后使用RANN软件包:
closest <- nn2(data=mytimes, k=2)[[1]]
但这又是缓慢的事情。
编辑:
SampleTime rTime
2018-06-01 00:51:40 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:37 UTC
2018-06-01 00:51:41,2 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:38 UTC
2018-06-01 00:51:41,4 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:39 UTC
2018-06-01 00:51:41,5 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:40 UTC
2018-06-01 00:51:41,9 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:41 UTC
2018-06-01 00:51:43 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:42 UTC
2018-06-01 00:51:46 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:43 UTC
2018-06-01 00:51:48 UTC .
. .
.
这个想法是,每次我必须评估哪个rTime的两个值更接近SampleTime [i]。例如,对于SampleTime [3] = 2018-06-01 00:51:48 UTC,rTime越接近rTime [4] = 2018-06-01 00:51:40 UTC和rTime [5] = 2018-06- 01 00:51:41 UTC
答案 0 :(得分:1)
发布的问题实际上包含两个问题。第一个要求一种更快的方法来为rTime
中给出的每个值找到SampleTime
中最接近的值。
OP的for
循环“打印” rTime
中最接近的值的索引。 (好吧,实际上,OP的代码片段在没有print()
语句或存储值的情况下不会返回什么。)
下面的代码使用{em>滚动连接到最近的来返回索引,可用于data.table
包。
# reproduce OP's data
SampleTime <-
structure(c(1527814300, 1527814301.2, 1527814301.4, 1527814301.5,
1527814301.9, 1527814303, 1527814306, 1527814308),
class = c("POSIXct", "POSIXt"), tzone = "UTC")
rTime <-
structure(c(1527814297, 1527814298, 1527814299, 1527814300, 1527814301,
1527814302, 1527814303),
class = c("POSIXct", "POSIXt"), tzone = "UTC")
library(data.table)
sDT <- data.table(SampleTime)
rDT <- data.table(rTime)
# rolling join to nearest
rDT[sDT, on = .(rTime = SampleTime), roll = "nearest", which = TRUE]
[1] 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7
如果需要值而不是索引:
sDT[, rTime := rDT[sDT, on = .(rTime = SampleTime), roll = "nearest", x.rTime]][]
SampleTime rTime 1: 2018-06-01 00:51:40 2018-06-01 00:51:40 2: 2018-06-01 00:51:41 2018-06-01 00:51:41 3: 2018-06-01 00:51:41 2018-06-01 00:51:41 4: 2018-06-01 00:51:41 2018-06-01 00:51:41 5: 2018-06-01 00:51:41 2018-06-01 00:51:42 6: 2018-06-01 00:51:43 2018-06-01 00:51:43 7: 2018-06-01 00:51:46 2018-06-01 00:51:43 8: 2018-06-01 00:51:48 2018-06-01 00:51:43
请注意,在打印POSIXct
对象时,默认情况下会省略小数秒和时区信息。要同时显示这两种格式,需要指定一种格式:
sDT[, rTime := rDT[sDT, on = .(rTime = SampleTime), roll = "nearest", x.rTime]][
, lapply(.SD, format, format = "%F %H:%M:%OS1 %Z")]
SampleTime rTime 1: 2018-06-01 00:51:40.0 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:40.0 UTC 2: 2018-06-01 00:51:41.2 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:41.0 UTC 3: 2018-06-01 00:51:41.4 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:41.0 UTC 4: 2018-06-01 00:51:41.5 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:41.0 UTC 5: 2018-06-01 00:51:41.9 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:42.0 UTC 6: 2018-06-01 00:51:43.0 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:43.0 UTC 7: 2018-06-01 00:51:46.0 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:43.0 UTC 8: 2018-06-01 00:51:48.0 UTC 2018-06-01 00:51:43.0 UTC
基准比较三种不同的方法
for
循环,但已修改为返回索引向量sapply()
进行更简洁的重写,并且这三个都返回索引向量。
基准数据包含1000个采样时间,这是一个相当小的测试用例。
library(data.table)
library(magrittr)
# create benchmark data
n <- 1000L
set.seed(1L)
SampleTime <- lubridate::as_datetime("2018-06-01") + cumsum(rnorm(n, 1)) %>%
sort()
rTime <- seq(lubridate::floor_date(min(SampleTime), "min"),
lubridate::ceiling_date(max(SampleTime), "min"),
by = "sec")
# perform benchmark
microbenchmark::microbenchmark(
loop = {
idx <- integer(length(SampleTime))
for (i in 1:length(SampleTime)){
idx[i] <- (which.min(abs(SampleTime[i] - rTime)))
}
idx
},
sapply = {
sapply(
seq_along(SampleTime),
function(i) which.min(abs(SampleTime[i] - rTime))
)
},
roll_join = {
sDT <- data.table(SampleTime)
rDT <- data.table(rTime)
rDT[sDT, on = .(rTime = SampleTime), roll = "nearest", which = TRUE]
},
times = 100L
)
滚动连接是最快的方法,效率只有50倍,即使在这种很小的基准情况下也是如此:
Unit: milliseconds expr min lq mean median uq max neval cld loop 51.467338 53.365061 57.174145 54.722276 57.270950 214.442708 100 c sapply 49.833166 51.244187 53.600532 52.424695 55.126666 64.886196 100 b roll_join 1.093099 1.355139 1.462512 1.408001 1.496544 5.411494 100 a